Doctor Faustus By Marlow Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Doctor Faustus By Marlow Essay, Research Paper Doctor Faustus is a important and consummate drama written by Christopher Marlow. It is a alone drama that it written during the beginnings of the Renaissance period and hence neither entirely Renaissance nor Medieval in manner. It is alternatively a great narrative of a adult male torn between the differences of the surpassing Medieval Period and the entrance Renaissance told in a superb manner composed of the two distinguishable schools of idea. The glare of this drama is that it can be viewed from both a Medieval and Renaissance position. If Dr. Faustus is interpreted from a Medieval position, it goes along with the same principals and ethical motives that the bulk of mediaeval literature tried to transfuse ; that is, the righteousness of God and the Roman Catholic Church. In order to do this narrative more effectual, Marlow chooses to hold Faustus trade with the kernel of immorality, Lucifer, the banished angel who betrayed God. We will write a custom essay sample on Doctor Faustus By Marlow Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In a authoritative satirical signifier the drama shows Faustus # 8217 ; ruin after rolling from God # 8217 ; s program and enlisting the aid of the Satan to go greater than what God had planned for him. Faustus besides seems to desire to non merely stray from God and rule world, but besides, supercede and overrule God # 8217 ; s wants to an even further extent. In Scene 3, Lines 110-111 we read: The emperor shall non populate but by my leave, Nor any dictator of Germany. In these lines Faustus expresses his desire to keep control over all. Even the likes of the Holy Roman Emperor shall fall to the power of his black thaumaturgy. Although the usage of thaumaturgy and the character of the Satan seems more of a parable-like narrative to modern twenty-four hours readers, to the people of the clip this was a really plausible narrative of a adult male who shunned godliness and allow greed and evil acquire the best of him. The being of supernatural entities, viz. devil-influenced existences such as enchantresss and magicians, was really possible if non likely. Without the replies of scientific discipline the unexplained was ofte N chalked up to the powers of the supernatural. From a Renaissance point of position, Dr. Faustus is a epic calamity. The Renaissance motion emphasized the power of the person and the fulfilment of life. It brought forth a desire for conquering, accomplishment and overcoming all obstructions. In the drama, Faustus, is non satisfied with his abilities, or as he saw them restrictions, as a human being. He did what he had to make to foster progress his achievements, endeavoring to accomplish his ends by any agencies necessary. In Scene 1, Lines 49-54 we read: These metaphysics of prestidigitators, And necromantic books are heavenly! Lines, circles, strategies, letters and characters! Ay, these are those that Faustus most desires. O what a universe of net income and delectation, Of power, of award, of omnipotence. In this transition Faustus reveals his desire for the powers that will convey him knowledge, but most significantly, luck and celebrity. This farther illustrates the Renaissance belief in taking control of your ain life and finding your ain fate. The calamity of this narrative occurs when despite Faustus # 8217 ; efforts to derive cognition and power beyond his range, he fails. He fails because his semblances of magnificence clouded the picks he makes. Dr. Faustus is a adult male caught between traditions. He is trapped between the spiritual Middle Ages and the man-centered Renaissance. This internal struggle is transformed to external by the usage of the Good and Evil Angels. The Good Angel is Representative of the God-fearing Medieval Period that believes in making as God wishes, while the Evil Angel presents the positions of a changing society where the potency of ego is explored, in this instance, at whatever cost. This is the type of struggle and passage that took topographic point during this clip. Although the major literary periods are normally denoted with day of the months, it is impossible for one period to suddenly stop and the other Begin. Alternatively it is a gradual alteration that takes topographic point as a consequence, or inspite of literary plants such as this one.

Management Theory and Practice Organizational Effectiveness

Question: Discuss about theManagement Theory and Practicefor Organizational Effectiveness. Answer: Introduction The essay consists of description of the operations of an organization based in Australia. The essay will describe about the purpose of the organization along with its scope of operations in the Australian continent. The organization chosen for the essay is Charles Darwin University in Australia. The criteria will be chosen that will determine the organizational effectiveness to the community. Apart from that, the stakeholders analysis for the university is to be described in terms of describing the organizational effectiveness. Organizational effectiveness is important in terms of the scope of the operations of the organization. Purpose of the Organization The organization chosen for describing the organizational effectiveness and its scope of operations is Charles Darwin University (CDU). Charles Darwin University is considered as one of the most popular university in Australia. Charles Darwin University is considered as a dual sector university that offers a full spectrum of training activities and education to the students who are interested in Vocational Education and Training (VET) and Higher Education (HE). The purpose of the organization is to develop a quality teaching and learning. CDU ensures that the faculties and the other professionals provide a coordinated institution level approach to the professional production of different learning materials (Dinges and Maynard 2013). Scope of the Operations The scope of operations of Charles Darwin University is to attract more students towards the university. The university in Australia is focused in providing high quality education to the students studying in it. Apart from that, according to me the scope of the operations of Charles Darwin University is to improve aboriginal health, sustainable tourism, national plant bio-security, desert knowledge, etc. I can say that the university has a huge student base in the perspective of education. The university is a nationally recognized university which helps the students in achieving the goals in a friendly and supportive environment (Sparrow and Cooper 2014). Criteria of Effectiveness of the Organization Effectiveness of the organization is an important perspective which is used to determine the organizational performance. According to me, organizational effectiveness of Charles Darwin University can be measured in terms of efficiency, effectiveness and timeliness. These three aspects will help me to determine the nature of the organizational effectiveness. Organizational efficiency is the resource consumed by the university. Resources include materials, facilities, personnel, time, energy and money. Effectiveness of CDU is the bottom line of CDUs organizational performance (Choo 2013). According to me it will achieve the outcome representing the mission of CDU in terms of accountability of the managers. In my perspective, timeliness of the service of CDU can be measured through cycle time, wait time, and completed on time. Criteria Chosen by Stakeholders Stakeholders of an organization are considered as an important perspective that are considered as a decision making agent of the organization. Stakeholders can be categorized into two groups such as internal stakeholders and external stakeholders. The internal stakeholders of CDU include the owners, creditors, employees, faculties, etc. On the other hand, the external stakeholders include community, government, students, suppliers, etc. According to me, the stakeholders of CDU are keen in taking consideration of the different types of initiatives in determining the organizational effectiveness. CDU is a popular university that takes into consideration of the various aspects in providing quality education to the students. I have observed the fact that the stakeholders i.e. both the internal and external stakeholders are consulted by the administrative department of the university for starting any initiative for developmental aspects (Paul, Dutta and Saha 2016). The criteria used by th e stakeholders for the measurement of organizational effectiveness are workplace environment, finance, and quality of the service provided to the students studying in CDU. Analysis of the Effectiveness from Stakeholders Perspectives I have seen that the stakeholders not only focus on the development of CDU in terms of providing organizational performance. I will describe the aspect of quality criteria for organizational effectiveness into two categories. Quality is the criteria that have to be attained by CDU in terms of providing solutions to the students. Quality is described as the internal quality and external quality. Internal quality is described as the performance of the university in many aspects such as improving the defects of the existing strategies, mistakes and errors in the documental procedures, improving the process of admission of the students, etc (Zoogah, Peng and Woldu 2015). On the other hand, the external quality aspect of measuring organizational effectiveness include different types of reviews that the community and the student provide to the system and administration of the university towards the management of the things provided to the students. Another aspect is the finance criteria. I think this criterion is very important to the university. Finance criterion focuses different measures that are related to the profitability as it is essential to growth and survival. The criterion of workplace environment is described as the organizational climate. The workplace environment of Charles Darwin University includes the basic physical amenities inside the university and the culture followed by the students as well as the employees, faculties of the university (Glisson 2015). Implications for Development of Organizational Effectiveness I can say that Charles Darwin University is considered as one of the most recognized university in Australia. The university is known for providing high quality education to more than 22,000 students both from Australia as well as from different parts of the world. I have seen that the university is focused in developing the career of these students making then industry ready so that they can enter into the job life with an ease (Cameron and Whetten 2013). The university can develop its culture in the university in its many campuses as cosmopolitan, multicultural, robust, multicultural, tropical city and youthful while steeping into the Aboriginal culture and tradition. Apart from that, I would recommend that CDU can portray the campuses as a multi-sector university that includes creativity, flexibility, freedom and vigour in terms of restricting the constraints of tradition. It will help in maintaining a close interaction between the different types of students across the world (Col bert, Barrick and Bradley 2014). References Cameron, K.S. and Whetten, D.A. eds., 2013.Organizational effectiveness: A comparison of multiple models. Academic Press. Choo, C.W., 2013. Information culture and organizational effectiveness.International Journal of Information Management,33(5), pp.775-779. Colbert, A.E., Barrick, M.R. and Bradley, B.H., 2014. Personality and leadership composition in top management teams: Implications for organizational effectiveness.Personnel Psychology,67(2), pp.351-387. Dinges, N.G. and Maynard, W.S., 2013. Intercultural aspects of organizational effectiveness.Handbook of Intercultural Training: Issues in Training Methodology,116, p.50. Glisson, C., 2015. The role of organizational culture and climate in innovation and effectiveness.Human Service Organizations: Management, Leadership Governance,39(4), pp.245-250. Paul, M., Dutta, A. and Saha, P., 2016, April. Improving Organizational Effectiveness through Workplace Spirituality a41144nd Organizational Citizenship Behaviour: A Conceptual Review. InGlobsyn Management Conference 2015(Vol. 1, p. 79). Allied Publishers. Sparrow, P. and Cooper, C., 2014. Organizational effectiveness, people and performance: new challenges, new research agendas.Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance,1(1), pp.2-13. Zoogah, D.B., Peng, M.W. and Woldu, H., 2015. Institutions, resources, and organizational effectiveness in Africa.The Academy of Management Perspectives,29(1), pp.7-31.

Sample Transfer Essay For College

Sample Transfer Essay For CollegeSample transfer essay for college is the basis of how to find a suitable school. However, your transfer writing must be original and speak of your own thinking. A sample transfer essay for college will also show you how to write well in a short time frame. You should also remember that a good essay written in your native language will lead to better opportunities at a professional institution.The purpose of sample essay for college is to present you with an objective view of the college or school you are going to attend. For instance, a graduate from a renowned university should make use of a sample transfer essay for college. It will be an advantage to a professional student.The first thing that any student should know is that they should take into account every aspect of the educational institution where they want to go. This includes the type of the faculty and students, amenities offered, price, availability of course books, facility of campus lif e, etc. On the other hand, every student must also consider the geographical location of the institution. This is because in almost all the universities of the world, the students study in the same manner as their teachers.The most significant benefit of using a sample transfer essay for college is that it offers you a certain approach. You can learn a lot from it and master different writing styles. All students are not the same in their writing skills. Many students may be too simple, while others may be too meticulous. They may appear to be different in terms of style, but they are actually the same in one way or another.Students who have to express their thoughts on various subjects should look into other assignments which are available in different colleges and institutions. Students should therefore write in a manner that is brief and effective. On the other hand, if they consider the size of the college then they should also go by the rules of the college and be sure that the writing in their own individual way is also correct.Using a sample transfer essay for college is also a method for students to understand how to deal with different types of situations. Most students have different strengths and weaknesses in different aspects. It is therefore necessary to carefully choose the right person to manage a project or class project.Some students may find it very easy to write in simple tasks while some may not be able to express themselves with much ease. The best way to find a suitable person to handle a specific project is to first check out how the person handles his work. Remember that many students find writing a task to be difficult.As you can see, using a sample essay for college will help you write well and achieve good grades. You must also remember that it is an investment that will last a lifetime.

Analysis of Personality Type Essay Essays

Analysis of Personality Type Essay Essays Analysis of Personality Type Essay Essay Analysis of Personality Type Essay Essay My overall personality has it strengths and failings. I believe we all have our ruins. I’ve been told I’m truly surpassing. Goofy. loving. amusing. kindhearted. intelligent. but besides really helpful. I’ve besides been described as quiet. and really diffident. This can be good and bad in a figure of ways for a figure of grounds. Put all of this along with my vark type. and SDS study and you have one interesting individual. When it comes to being surpassing there is a clip and a topographic point. It’s O.K. to be surpassing but non in certain scenes like in a schoolroom in the center of a talk where everyone should be quiet. yet attentive. Equally far as being Goofy all the clip. gives me the chance to elate others in ways that I neer thought was possible. Simply talking to person and doing them laugh can alter a individual twenty-four hours drastically ; good that’s what my friends ever say. They could travel from holding an all right twenty-four hours to a great twenty-four hours from a simple hullo. a smiling. and a small gag from clip to clip. I’ve been told laughter is the key to life and we’d all be bitter without it so I try to maintain people around me express joying. Bing amusing comes natural and I’ve been told I have that â€Å"natural touch. † Making person laugh can lighten up any dull minute and alteration someone’s twenty-four hours merely every bit good as speech production to them. I love to laugh and I besides try to maintain people express joying because it’s merely something I enjoy making. At times I don’t even seek to be amusing and I still accomplished this end without even seeking. I can be really kindhearted when I choose to. For illustration I have a love for assisting people so I am highly sort when it comes to person desiring my aid. It makes me experience like I have done like a good title. . I’ll reasonably much aid with anything every bit long as it doesn’t harm me or them in any manner. I’m besides really intelligent. I can speak and educate person who is unfamiliar with merely about any topic. including. mathematics. and even English. These are merely a few of my strengths which bring out good and bad features of my personality. Equally far as seting all of this with my VARK. and SDS studies I think I am one interesting individual. In the VARK study I am more of a kinaesthetic and so a ocular scholar. In some instances that could be a good thing and a bad thing. The good thing about that is I can thing is when I give presentations ; I can truly do it come alive. Alternatively of merely composing all of these deadening words down I would set a batch of images and colourss on at that place. and convey it together in a manner where it catches your oculus to do you desire to pay attending. But. in some instances it could be bad because what if my foreman doesn’t like the whole image thought because he or she is a different type of scholar. Well our personalities could collide. When it comes to the SDS study I am an ECS which means I am enterprising. conventional and really societal. Enterprising means that I am a type of individual that likes to carry or direct others. really adventuresome. agreeable. and ambitious. Conventional means that I am follow orderly modus operandis and run into clear criterions. and I am besides really careful and efficient obedient. and orderly. Last but non rent I am really societal. intending I like to assist. learn. advocate people. really friendly. concerted generous and sensible. I have a few distractions and failings when it comes to my personality but I plan to work on them on a day-to-day footing. As of now. my strengths out manner my failings so I don’t have much to worry approximately. I’ll focal point chiefly on my strengths but besides put a certain sum of attempt towards bettering my failings. Career Profile Out of the full calling I have looked at. I think I would wish to travel in to the concern field. Not merely any concern. CEO. or an entrepreneur type thing. Knowing that I like to cook I will integrate that into my calling pick excessively. A CEO ( Chief Executive officer ) is a rubric of a individual who holds the highest place in a company. A Chief executive officer is really individualised depending upon the size of the company. and of class they have to hold the right instruction. To be a CEO you have to hold a MBA. which requires a 4 twelvemonth undergraduate grade. and some of a alumnus surveies as good. If I where to travel to rate school at Michigan State it would be about 39. 896 for an out of province pupil. I would hold to hold a GPA demand of 3. 4-3. 8. and it takes about 4 old ages to complete. Because I live in Texas I would hold to relocate myself to Michigan. To acquire into grad school you have to take the GMAT. The GMAT trial doesn’t trial you on cognition in concern or other topics. it is a mental intelligence examiner. and to see how good you can do a determination under force per unit area. Most grad schools look at your college classs and GPA. but they truly pay attending to your GMAT. It is truly of import. Next is an enterpriser. An enterpriser is a individual who organizes and manages a concern set abouting presuming the hazard for the interest of net income. Besides they see chance. and take it to construct a program. Get down his or her concern to pull off and have net income. Be an enterpriser it is a good thought to take the same path as a CEO. that manner your instruction is much higher than some of the other concern proprietors. and might be more successful. Last but non least is my love for cooking. I truly want to travel into that field every bit good largely the concern side of it any manner. To travel into any of having any type of nutrient industry. it is merely just that you go to culinary school. so that you know how to cook for one. and how to run your ain nutrient concern. If I where to travel to a culinary school I would pick La Cordon Bleu. For one they teach you all the culinary techniques you need to cognize. and they besides teach you how to run and work in the nutrient industry. To go to La Cordon Bleu Its cost about $ 37. 500 to acquire a BA in Culinary Arts and Baking $ Pastry. and its takes about 14 months or a twelvemonth and 2 months to acquire your grade. If you put all three of these together you have some one that is an Chief executive officer of a Food company or a eating house concatenation. and person who can non merely run a concern but cook in it excessively. To come in my field of pick I am looking at about $ 80. 000 and that’s merely instruction entirely. If I add the resettlement and lodging and nutrient added on with the instruction. th at is about $ 100. 000. Once I start working that is a different narrative. A Chief executive officer starts out at approximately $ 366. 551. and at the most could do up to $ 1. 117. 442. On norm a Chief executive officer makes about $ 704. 731. A Chief executive officer works approximately 50 to 60 hours a hebdomad. Its expressions like I am traveling to be really busy. A chef starts off a 45. 000 a twelvemonth and could do up to $ 96. 000. and on norm they make about 75. 000 a twelvemonth. A chef works about 35-45 hours a hebdomad. and if you are a CEO or the proprietor of that peculiar eating house I likely would be working twice those hours. I’m looking at a really clip devouring life. In some field there is a small. or a large thing called benefits. If you are a CEO you get Great benefits. I’m speaking insurance for everything. alveolar consonant. oculus physician. regular physician. and anything else you can acquire covered in they fundamentally covered. When you are a CEO of anything there is a 70 % travel rate. so you will ever be on th e spell to a new topographic point. An mean working day is about 12-16 hours. Besides to be a CEO you have to cognize staff development and leading methods. because it is a demand. To be a chef you have some benefits. but if you are a chef and a Chief executive officer it truly doesn’t affair what your benefits are for being a chef. because you are reasonably much covered in CEO portion. The chef travel rate is about 20-40 % and your work about 4 twenty-four hours a hebdomad and about 8-10 hours a twenty-four hours. Some demand to be a chef you have to hold Pastry and cookery manners and techniques. and some baking methods. Besides you have to be physically fit and have to cognize how to work in 3-4 star eating houses. Bing in this Fieldss or Fieldss. it is traveling to necessitate a batch of work and clip from me. but I know if I merely remain focus and remain on top of my game. I can make it. And if I see that I might fall. good there is ever a pick of holding a assisting manus. possibly like a partnership on the concern side merely to take some of the burden off of my shoulders. Entering this field I know I want to do certain that this is truly what I want to make. So I asked 2 people if they would wish to portion some of their tips on how they made it through school. and how long did it take them to acquire at that place. Now I truly wasn’t able to interview aliens. so I interviewed some people that I already knew. The first individual was my concern professor. Dr. McNeil. He has the highest grade in concern. but he isn’t the Chief executive officer of anything. but he did state me how to last in concern school. What I learned from him is that you have to travel into school know that there are a batch of people that you are viing against. There are people from all over the universe that are seeking to do it in the concern industry. but you can’t allow that strike hard you down. He told me when he was in concern school it was really difficult to acquire interviews. because it was ever that one individual that was better than him. But he said that didn’t stop him. He merely knew that he had to work harder and smarter. When he went to Career carnivals and tried to look for occupations. he didn’t merely give his sketch out nor merely give his concern card out. He sold himself and his personality to the other concern proprietors and CEOs to acquire occupations and internship for more instruction in his field. Once he changed how he approached the people and how he talked to the people. he saw that more and more people where inquiring him to work for their companies. The other individual I interviewed was my Culinary Teacher signifier high school. Mr. Chef Brown. He is so in the eating house concern. and I thought he would be the perfect individual to state me how to acquire at that place. He is a instructor and has a catering concern on the side. My culinary instructor was right where I was in some old ages ago. in college and non certain what he wanted to make. He decided to travel to culinary school. because he liked nutrient. At first he wasn’t believing about having his ain eating house. He was at that place because he knew he was traveling to acquire to eat what he cooked. Talk about traveling in with the incorrect province of head. Once he was a twelvemonth into his culinary college he noticed that he was larning manner more than he expected to wish larning all types of manners of cooking methods. and larning how to run and have his ain concern. That was an oculus opener for him. It gave him an thought on what he wanted to make when he got out of school. What I got from his interview was when you traveling to take your calling. don’t merely travel in at that place because you like what they do. Travel in at that place cognizing what you are traveling to acquire out of and it and cognizing what you are traveling to make when you are done. He points was besides similar to my concern professor. there is ever traveling to be person better than you. So work difficult and smart. but largely work smarter. and when you traveling to school cognize what you want to acquire out of it. Rearward Goal Setting When you are seeking to acquire something accomplished you have to hold a program. or certain ends you want to run into. To be an CEO. acquire into entrepreneurship. or chef I have to hold a program. and I have to get down now. Get downing with my far far manner program. and that is to have my ain concern and be successful. To have my ain concern I have to travel to concern school. and because of the type of concern I want to have. I have to travel to culinary school. Which leads me to my following end. the far off end. and that is traveling to La Cordon blue cheese for the survey of Culinary Arts and Baking a Pastry. My following end is the 1 that is in distance. and that is traveling to grad school. It’s traveling to take some difficult work to acquire at that place. But. to acquire at that place I have to work on my end that is down at that place street which is completing college. Some people don’t even make it through their first-year twelvemonth of college. But I am traveling to do it my end to acquire through my first-year twelvemonth. and non merely do through. I want to complete off with a 3. 5 GPA. The lone manner I will be able to make these ends is I have to do them credible to myself. Get downing with my on the couch end. completing my first-year twelvemonth with a 3. 5 GPA. To do it realistic I truly want to hit for a 4. 0 GPA but I know that isn’t possible coming from a 2. 8 GPA. but I will still maintain it in the dorsum of my caput for motive. because I desire to acquire a 4. 0. Now cognizing that this is where I want to be. I am traveling to hold to come up with a program to acquire to my on the couch end. and be able to do it to my far far off end. I have to do it come to world. This semester I want to complete my first-year twelvemonth off with a knock. by conveying my 2. 8 up to a 3. 5. I know I have to ever travel to category. survey. and seek to go through trial and quizzes. and merely truly set attempt in to all 7 categories that I have all this semester. I will necessitate books. a computing machine. and a bible to assist me acquire through this. because I know it will be a tough thing to make. If I put my head to it I know I can make it. I don’t truly think I would necessitate money ; it’s all about seting forth some attempt. My wagess would be that I would go eligible to look for internships to assist me acquire some pattern in my field that I want to travel into. I besides can use for scholarships to assist pay for the remainder of my manner in college. If I start now. and get down analyzing every dark signifier 9-11pm and do certain that I get adequate remainder. I will do to my on the couch end and my far far off end. MentionsEllis-Christensen. Tricia. and O. Wallace. â€Å"What Is a Chief executive officer? † WiseGeek. Speculation. Web. 09 Mar. 2012. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. wisegeek. com/what-is-a-ceo. htm gt ; . Diploma. P. ( 2010 ) . What sort of Degree Do You Necessitate to Be a CEO? Retrieved from Phony Diploma: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. phonydiploma. com/what-kind-of-degree-do-you-need-to-be-a-ceo. aspx Oklahoma. T. U. ( n. d. ) . The OU Price of College of Business. Retrieved Feb 24. 2012. from OU. EDU: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. ou. edu/content/price/mba/mba_fulltime. html School. C. B. ( 2011 ) . GMAT ( Graduate Mangament Admission Test ) . Retrieved from GMATCAT. COM: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. gmatcat. com/GMAT. hypertext markup language â€Å"SBA Direct. † What Is an Entrepreneur? Web. 09 Mar. 2012. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. Small Business Administration. gov/content/what-entrepreneur gt ; .

Cultural Relativism or Ethical Imperialism Essays

Cultural Relativism or Ethical Imperialism Essays Cultural Relativism or Ethical Imperialism Paper Cultural Relativism or Ethical Imperialism Paper Edited by Claude E. Welch, Jr. Belmont Ca. : Duxbury Press, 1971. Shaw, William H. and Barry, Vincent. Moral Issues in Business, 7th Ed. Belmont CA. : Wadsworth, 1998. Stone, Walter J. Republic at Risk. Belmont CA: Wadsworth, 1990 Throneberg, Cathy with Harder, Cliff. â€Å"Bribery: Coming to terms with a moral dilemma. † Evangelical Missions Quarterly. Vol. 35, No. 1 (January 1999): 35-37. Versi, Anver. On corruption and corrupters. † African Business, (November 1996): 7. Vogl, Frank. â€Å"The supply side of global bribery. † Finance Development, Vol. 35, No. 2 (June 1998): 30-33. (20) Ward, Peter M. , Editor. Corruption, Development and Inequality: Soft Touch or Hard Graft? New York: Routledge, 1989. Weber, James, and Getz, Kathleen. â€Å"Buy Bribes or Bye-Bye Bribes: The Future Status of Bribery in International Commerce. † Business Ethics Quarterly, Vol. 14, Issue 4 (2004): 695-711. Wertheime r, Alan. Coercion. Princeton University Press, 1987. Wilkens, Steve. Beyond Bumper Sticker Ethics. Downers Grove, Il: IVP, 1995. (21) APPENDIX Notes on the Literature The objectives of this paper have been to analyze the morality of bribery and corruption and to help the Christian professional acquire the beginnings of wisdom in dealing with the challenges of this difficult ethical issue. The author hopes that many professors will be able to use this paper to incorporate a module on bribery and corruption into courses in ethics, international business, business policy, etc. It is hoped that some will even be motivated to extend this research and that the extensive reference list will be helpful in this regard. John Noonan? s voluminous work, Bribes, is the definitive Judeo-Christian analysis of the topic, and is recommended as a primary reference. Bernard Adeney offers an alternative Christian viewpoint which is rooted in praxis, relies heavily on the analytical frameworks of moral philosophy as opposed to Noonan? s more theological treatment, and reaches more relativistic and less deontological conclusions. DeGeorge and Donaldson are the two secular ethicists who have reflected most extensively on this topic in the international business context. Paolo Mauro? seminal research on the relationship between economic development and corruption in the mid 1990? s influenced the World Bank and IMF to become activists in the fight against corruption, and undoubtedly gave impetus to the increasing activism of the OECD. Gray and Kaufmann of the World Bank provide a helpful overview of the economic costs of corruption and its impact on economic development in their 1998 paper. The Weber and Getz pap er in Business Ethics Quarterly in late 2004 gives the best current review of the academic literature on bribery and of the status of the global efforts to curb bribery and corruption. One will quickly discover that the literature on the micro level (that is, directed at personal and organizational decision makers) tends to delineate the extent of bribery and analyze its morality rather than to offer any practical suggestions to the ethical individual or firm for coping with the reality of corruption in a fallen world. The works of Gesteland and DeGeorge cited in this paper are the rare exceptions that offer extremely helpful coping mechanisms illustrated by numerous cases. The academic literature, as elaborated below, focuses its attention on the macro policy initiatives which can be taken by governments and international trade and financial organizations. These macro considerations don? t offer much help to the company negotiating a transnational contract or to the mission organization seeking visas or government permits. For the most part I have observed that Christian organizations maintain a deafening silence on this topic even though international missions and humanitarian aid professionals obviously encounter excruciating pressures to bribe or submit to extortion as they pursue their missions. In this light Evangelical Missions Quarterly is to be commended for devoting its January 1999 issue to several provocative articles dealing with bribery. Those teaching classes in Auditing, Business Law, or Forensic Accounting and those concerned with compliance with current regulations regarding bribery will find two papers published in 2004 to be especially helpful. Johnstone, Brown and Wickizer provide a comprehensive review of the legislative response to bribery in the USA and UK including a fairly detailed description of applicable regulatory provisions. Herz and Larson explore the accounting and internal control (22) requirements of the FCPA for companies and discuss tools that internal auditors can use to assess and deal with the risk that illegal payments will be made by their organizations in connection with international activities. They advocate the use of the Bribe Payers Index (BPI) published by Transparency International. Finally, in view of the restricted focus of this paper as outlined above, let me point out that my references do not attempt to survey the extensive literature on bribery dealing with structural and cultural elements of causation on both the supply and demand sides of corruption nor the public policy initiatives which might help ameliorate the problem. The 2004 paper of Sanyal and Samanta would provide a sample of this class of literature and its list of references would provide a helpful starting point for further research. They conclude: â€Å"There is a strong positive correlation between countries where bribes taking is highly prevalent and those countries that are most likely to offer bribes. The propensity to give bribes is determined by economic factors such as per capita income and degree of economic freedom in the country, cultural factors such as power distance and masculinity, and legal-regulatory factors such as accounting and tax treatment of bribes† (Abstract). â€Å"Countries with high scores on power distance, masculinity, and uncertainty avoidance are perceived to be more corrupt† (11). The paper by Janos Bertok, a functionary of OECD, provides another example of this literature. He outlines OECD initiatives in the fight against corruption with some specificity and argues for structural reform. â€Å"In OECD work on public sector ethics, corruption is seen as more than individual criminal actions, but rather the result of systematic failure and a management problem. This is manifested by lowquality legislation and by weak public institutions that do not enforce laws, and even more, fail to provide adequate control, oversight, and transparency† (Abstract). 9/6/05 (23)

Arm Crank Ergometry Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Arm Crank Ergometry - Assignment Example Previous studies have considered issues linked to exercise efficiency. This line of enquiry provides important information associated with the relationship between the energy required to achieve a given amount of external work. In the context of a competitive athlete or a patient in a clinical setting, exercise efficiency provides a useful insight into functional capacity. When presented in either gross or net terms, exercise efficiency has been shown to increase in line with workload during both cycling and ACE. Several studies have also demonstrated there to be a clear interaction between crank rate and workload with respect to oxygen consumption during cycling and ACE. Additionally, previous studies have considered exercise efficiency in a number of different ways, including the calculation of gross, net, and delta values. Powers et al. (1984) showed that VO2 during ACE increased in line with crank rate. At workloads of 15 and 30W, VO2 was lower and exercise efficiency was higher, using crank rate of 50 and 70 rev.min-1 compared to 90 rev.min-1. Furthermore, when the workloads were increased to 45 and 60W, exercise efficiency remained higher using 50 compared to 90 rev.min-1. ... Furthermore Smith et al. showed that while variations in crank rate (50, 70 and 90 rev.min-1) influenced measures of exercise efficiency a relatively low workloads (30 to 70w) during ACE, these discrepancies did not exist at 90w. These data are interesting as they question the previously reported interaction between crank rate, workload and exercise efficiency. The purpose of this practical will be to further investigate 1) if exercise efficiency parameters change in line with variations in crank rate and 2) to determine whether or mechanical efficiency varies according to the external workload being achieved. In these respects, values of gross, net and work efficiency will be considered. RESULTS. The results of the experiment are summarised in the table 1 in the Annex. You can see that the index FE02 (fractional concentration of oxygen in expired air) was varied in the range between 16.2 and 18.5 ml O2/kg/min (range is 2.3 ml O2/kg/min). Consequently the mean of 35 measurements was equal to 17.1 and its standard error is 0.09. The variance of FE02 gross value was 0.34 and standard deviation - 0.56. The distribution of the sample was asymmetric and not normal (skewness is 0.72 and kurtosis 0.29). The values of median, lower and upper quartile were equal to 17.0, 16.7 and 17.4 correspondingly. The mean value of FECO2 (fractional concentration of CO2-exhaled) was equal to 3.660.08 while the variance and standard deviation was 0.24 and 0.49 respectively. The median of the index was 3.73 and the first (lowest) and third (upper) quartiles were equal to 3.45 and 3.98 while the minimum and maximum were 2.52 and 4.44 (range is 1.92 ml CO2/kg/min). The skewness and kurtosis were not equal to zero thus the distribution was not symmetric. The data

Reading and write essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reading and write - Essay Example It is vital to pay attention to this debate in regards for the future existence of the human race. As population keeps rising, the environment size remains constant. This leads to increased pressure on the natural resources found in the environment such as vegetation and minerals (Moseley, Lanegran & Pandit81). This scenario would result to a situation where the resources would become scarce to accommodate population. It is in this respect that it becomes vital to pay attention to this debate. As the population rises so to does the impact of human action on the environment. Human action such as industrial and agricultural revolutions has contributed to key impacts on the environment. Technological advancement has advanced food production as well as depletion of natural resources like minerals, biodiversity, and the global climate. It is vital that human beings think about the results that their actions leave on the environment. Population rise also leads to increase in waste producti on, which impacts on environmental degradation. Greater efforts need to be put in place to understand the relationship between population and environment. There are serious concerns on the results of population increase on local resources like water, soil, forests, pastures, fisheries and biodiversity. As the population keeps rising so to do humans encroach on other habitats (Moseley, Lanegran & Pandit 105). Population growth also results to development, which leads to expansion of human activities such as creation of industries and settlement areas. This development facilitated by population increase also results to encroachment of other habitats. Encroachment as a result of population rise threatens the existence of other animal and plant species. These species get forced to shift their natural habitats, and this may lead to their extinction. To create a balance in nature, there is the need for the existence of other species apart from the human race. The loss of biodiversity in t he environment posses a key threat to human beings. Population increase also contributes to climate change. Population increase may result to economic growth and development. Growth and development get characterized by technological advancement, industrial and agricultural revolutions (Moseley, Lanegran & Pandit 212). The development of industries ensures that carbon emissions impact on the climate by altering weather patterns. Population increase also results to increased pressure on environmental resources such as forests and water catchment areas. Pressure on such resources distorts the global water cycle and in turn results to climate change over time. Focus should get placed on developing sustainability between population and the environment. This concept seeks to address the issue of sustainable development. A balance should be struck between population increase and the environment. The sustainability concept seeks to address issues on population and resources, ecosystems, spe cies, and wastes. Sustainable development between population and the environment requires that focus be placed on policies and ethics by human beings. Policies should get created to protect the environment from negative human impacts. Policy makers such as governments and non governmental organizations need to develop strategies that would ensure synergistic relations between populatio