The Great Academic Reputation of the Undergraduate University Personal Statement

The Great Academic Reputation of the Undergraduate University - Personal Statement Example I graduated from Waseda University with a degree in Bachelor of Arts. Being one of the five toughest universities in Japan, the curriculum was already quite advanced and complicated as can be expected of any prestigious university. However, as a foreign student in Japan, the social surroundings and the language barrier proved even tougher than the academic challenges I had expected. I had no competence in the language. So before entering Waseda, it took me two years in a Japanese language school to improve my Japanese to a proficiency level. In the first two years during my time at Waseda University, my interests were focused on different principles in social sciences. I found these subjects interesting and rather ‘safe’ in terms of lack of planning about the future. However, in the last two years, I identified my subjects of interest and thus, started to take more interest in subjects like popular culture and media. For the same reason, I went for a seminar in business and economics on the principles of the creative industries. Combining my knowledge of social science and my passion for fashion, my senior graduation thesis was mainly about how creative artists can launch themselves into the market without seeking help from the gatekeepers. In my thesis, I emphasized the power of social media tools such as Facebook, Twitter, etc. to influence the businesses, especially in the creative sector. After graduating from Waseda University, I always found myself deeply passionate in the creative sector.

The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll Essay Example for Free

The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll Essay Just as The Italian includes a stone chamber, secured by doors of iron, Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde too contains a peculiar locked cabinet in which Poole, Dr Jekylls butler, believes his master has been murdered and that the person who has locked himself away is Hyde. The fact that these secret rooms are included in the novels, allows the reader to speculate the strange things that might be going on behind the sealed doors of the rooms. All in all, Gothic literature is extremely evident in Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde but at the same time it is heavily influenced by Victorian psychology, which I will now be commenting on. Victorian society was heavily based on power, wealth and culture. Victorians believed they were ethical, moral people and their society was that of an ideal one; however with the amount of crimes taking place i. e. Jack the Ripper this was not the case especially since Victorians were sexist and racist. Even though Stevenson sets his story in the heart of London using such respectable professional people as lawyers, doctors and men of science, what he shows us is a city fraught with divisions. Such divisions included those between the rich and poor, men and women, country and city, science and art, and also good and evil shown to us by Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, who not only does he represent a form of rebellion against the arrogant domination of the upper classes and government, but also the beast in man. Stevenson greatly investigates the duality of human nature in his novel. This theme does not emerge fully up until the last chapter, when the complete story of the Jekyll-Hyde affiliation is exposed by Henry Jekylls Full Statement of the Case. Therefore, we confront the theory of a dual human nature unambiguously only after having witnessed all of the events of the novel, including Hydes crimes and his eventual eclipsing of Jekyll. Dr Jekyll describes his dual personality as the animal within me licking the chops of memory. The text not only posits the duality of human nature as its central theme, but forces us to consider the properties of this duality and to contemplate each of the novels episodes as we weigh various theories. Such a theory includes that of Freuds theory of the id, ego and superego. The id is entirely unconscious and represents the primitive self of us. It is the self indulgent and selfish side of us. The ego, however unlike the id, spans the conscious, preconscious, and unconscious. The ego is the only component of personality that can interact with the environment. Lastly, the superego is the part of personality that establishes standards of right and wrong. The superego is the ethics and morality behind our personality. In the 19th Century, it was believed that the id was represented by a troll like figure, and Hyde is described as being pale and dwarfish. As Stevenson probes the depths of human psychology and challenges our perceptions of good and evil in society, we are struck by the disturbing face of evil. Dr. Jekyll tries to repress and kill off the Mr. Hyde in himself, but that alter ego is a part of who he is. He cannot renounce or destroy that part of himself. In The Picture of Dorian Gray Dorian, represented by his ego and superego, is in conflict with his id represented by the picture painted of him as a young, handsome man. In Henry Jekylls Full Statement of the Case the story of Jekylls downfall is revealed to Mr Utterson. Jekyll suggests to us that mankind has a split personality when saying severed in me those provinces of good and ill which divide and compound mans dual nature. Stevenson provides us with the message that man has two sides to him not just Jekyll. There are many quotations to suggest this too. Such examples in this chapter include: primitive duality of man, the agonised womb of consciousness, these polar twins should be continuously struggling- this is in fact a metaphor describing our consciousness being like a womb, man is not truly one, but truly two and lastly I stood already committed to a profound duplicity of life. From what Stevenson has produced, I can conclude that Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde cannot easily be seen as having more to do with Gothic tradition than late 19th Century psychology. We must take into account that psychology is a subject matter and Gothic is a style, however I consider the novel has been written carefully and equally in terms of Gothic tradition and late 19th century psychology as I believe the style of Gothic literature has been heavily influenced by Victorian psychology. Some might argue against Gothic tradition being the more dominant argument, simply for the reason that Stevenson has not included involvement of haunted castles and dungeons, two of the most obvious Gothic traits. As a closing statement to this essay, I can admit Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde was published truly as a chilling shocker in 1886 and still today remains as an original classic. Simran Kooner 10HA English Coursework 1 Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Miscellaneous section.

Epic of Beowulf :: Epic of Beowulf Essays

As an epic tale of heroes and monsters, Beowulf gives its readers much excitement and adventure, but Beowulf's importance is more than just literary. It offers many insights into the beliefs and customs of seventh-century Anglo-Saxon culture. Among these insights is the Anglo-Saxon view of women and their role in society. In addition, a prominent theme in this epic is the love of a mother for her child. Good Anglo-Saxon women are peaceful and unassertive, greeting guests and serving drinks to the warriors and other men in the mead hall. It shows the role of a mother, and their love for their offspring. Grendel's mother is a strong and combative monster whom Beowulf must kill. However, her heart is filled with anger at the loss of her son at the hands of this same man. A mother who loves their child very much would do everything in their power to make sure their killer got their justice.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Beowulf is one of the oldest existing poems in the English language. Originally written in Anglo-Saxon, it has been translated to give readers the opportunity to enjoy this colorful, heroic poem of England’s epic age. It has been declared as a heroic-elegiac poem because of the various characteristics it clearly possesses. An epic consists of a hero who is larger than life. Epic characters also give numerous speeches that revel something about the past or the speaker’s characteristics. Beowulf does not give many, but from those he gives, the reader leans about his character traits. The language of the epic style is an elevated, rather formal language. Similes, kennings, and many other literary techniques are used throughout the poem. Beowulf clearly contains many epic characteristics and the following essay will present the evidence needed to support this allegation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The love a mother has for her child shows when Grendel’s mother comes to avenge the death of her son at the hands of Beowulf. He was the only human being who had the skills to defeat Grendel's mother was again Beowulf, and he would not say no to another battle. However, this battle with the mother was to take place under water. He got ready and armed for the underwater fight, and accepted the sword, which Unferth handed him. Beowulf took his leave to achieve another victory, but not as confident of himself this time as he was at his first battle.

Madly desirous for glory Essay

In the second letter Walton writes about his progress to Archangel. In the letter he describes his crew. Walton’s description of his ship’s master suggests that he is the embodiment of goodness. He frequently applauds the courage of his lieutenant. The lieutenant is ‘madly desirous for glory’. In this letter the theme of alienation arises. Like Victor, Walton’s ambitions isolate him from his family and friends: ‘But it is a still greater evil to me that I am self educated.’ Shelley’s choice of words are designed to anticipate Victor’s need of a friend. It does this by implying that Walton is annoyed that he had no one to teach him, and that he had no companions. The third letter that Walton sends simply expresses confidence in his quest: ‘I write a few lines in haste to say that I am safe – and well advanced on my voyage.’ Shelley may have decided to add a short letter to show that Walton maybe playing down the dangers of his voyage. He finishes the letter by saying: ‘Heaven bless my beloved sister.’ This clearly shows that Walton is a caring person.  The fourth letter is when Walton catches a glimpse of the creature. The crew take Victor on board. Walton believes that he has found a friend in Victor, and confides his ambition. This letter emphasises the admiration and affection that Victor inspires in Walton, who sees great nobility in this ‘divine wanderer’. In some ways Walton can be seen as a double to Victor Frankenstein. Walton rebels against his father’s decision for him to not go to sea. This is very similar to Frankenstein’s father, who dismissed Victor’s interests in science. Walton decides against the life of ease, he explains that ‘My life might have been passed in ease and luxury,’ he explains, ‘but I preferred glory to every enticement that wealth placed in my way.’ Shelley has added this to show a relationship between Victor and Walton. This shows that they have similar characteristics, and desire the same things from life. The fact that Walton is introduced before Frankenstein may show that Shelley was preparing the reader for Victor’s desire for knowledge. Although the two characters can be related to each other, they also have significant differences. Walton is not quite so alienated as Victor. Rather then rejecting companionship, Walton longs for an intimate friend to share his hopes and dreams. To add to this point, Walton is also is not so isolated in his search for knowledge, whereas Victor, whose ‘midnight labours’ and ‘secret toil’ keep him completely secluded. The fact that Walton had a crew around him prevented him from falling into the trap of Victor’s individualism. The first chapter begins in an embedded narrative, with Victor telling his story to Walton. Victor begins his story by describing his early life in Geneva, his tranquil domestic life and the young orphan Elizabeth, who becomes part of the household. Victor’s interest in science eventually takes him to university at Inglostadt. His experiments lead him to the discovery of a secret life force. He constructs a human form out of dead tissue and brings it to life. Horrified by his actions, Victor abandons the creature. One of the main themes portrayed by Shelley in this novel is that of birth and creation. When Victor gave life to the creature, he usurps the role of God. Victor imagines how, ‘A new species would bless me as its creator and source†¦ No father could claim the gratitude of his child so completely as I should deserve theirs.’ This shows that Victor’s main crime is not what he had done, but what he failed to do. He failed to ‘father’ his creation. Victor is an isolated individual. However, unlike Walton, Frankenstein’s isolation is self imposed. It is also ironic in the sense that Victor rejects his family and friends, whilst this is simply what the creature longs for. Victor claims that the rejection of his family is necessary in order to continue the quest for the secret life. Alienation is a key factor in this novel. Victor chooses to isolate himself from others, whereas the creature’s isolation is imposed upon him, due to Victor abandoning him, and people being generally scared of his appearance. However the creature does desire companionship, and he says that he becomes violent when he realises that he will never have this, ‘I am malicious because I am miserable.’ This shows that the creature is humane in the sense that all he wants is a companion, much like any human. So the fact that the creature only becomes ‘malicious because I am miserable’ represents that people become monstro us when the are isolated, and rejected from society. When Victor creates the creature, he is flooded with a huge feeling of anti-climax. Victor repulses the creature on first sight. He refers to the creature as ‘the wretch’ and is horrifies by the thing that he has given life to. This shows that Victor is only concerned with physical appearance. This shows intolerance of imperfection and a flaw in Victor’s character. Victor rejects the creation; this is like a father rejecting his child. When the creature came to life Victor may have realised the enormity of the monstrous deeds that he had committed. The passage in the novel shows Victor to be a monster, as he does not even try to understand the monster’s cries for help. He has forsaken any duties he is expected to perform as a father. When the creature ‘awoke’ from his ‘sleep’ he convulsed. When Victor awakes from his sleep, his muscles also convulse. This could be one of the first signs that the creature is a double of Victor. Victor even describes the monster as ‘my own spirit let loose from the grave†¦ forced to destroy all that was dear to me’ Victor has given a clear expression of the notion that he and the creature may be doubles, with the creature acting out Victor’s own aggressions. Shelley’s description of the creature is full of pathos. The first things that the creature desires are love and affection, as all newborn things want. However, Victor denies him this. When Victor awakes from his dream, he finds the creature reaching out a hand towards him. Victor rejects this appeal for help from the creature.  This passage from the novel may parody ‘The creation of man’ by Michelangelo, which shows God stretching out his hand to give life to Adam. The analogy of this is that Victor is playing God and that the creature is Adam. Another parody is the story of Prometheus, who stole fire from the Gods and gave it to the people on earth. The analogy of this is that Victor has stolen the power of life from the God’s and given it to the people. This is the reason for the book has the subtitle ‘The modern Prometheus’. Victor may be seen as monstrous in this passage, as he is usurping the role of woman, which goes against the laws of nature.

Motivation in Burger King Essay

All employees who undergo training at Burger King are not charged however they are expected to fund for the normal living expenses such as commuting and accommodation costs.  For new employees such as till staff and kitchen staff Burger King has a ‘Right Track Training Programme’ to ensure they have the best start to Burger King. This training programme is a comprehensive induction and training programme covering everything from Health & Safety and Food safety through to working in the dining area, front counter or kitchen and how to make each product. Through providing an induction to all new staff it allows new staff to see how they’ll be working, where they’ll be working and who their fellow employees are. Also how things are done to help them fit in.  Burger King believes that all their employees will learn what they need to know by shadowing which is when they work alongside others as well as using their new interactive DVD Programmes. It would be beneficial for Burger King to carry out an appraisal system but instead of annually it may be more favourable for them to be carried out every few months. This would then help employees to see what they are working well at and what things to improve on; these could then be made into targets which success could result in promotion or pay rise. The quicker employees feel wanted, the quicker they are earning money for Burger King. From reviewing staff progress more frequently it may give employees more motivation to stay working at Burger King for a longer period as they now have aims and goals which could improve their career. This would mean less training costs for Burger King and also in the long run a low staff turnover. At present I believe the techniques that Burger King is using to train their employees and managers, such as shadowing and induction programmes are effective in what they are doing. However, if Burger King want to ensure that employees stay in the job for a longer period it may be beneficial for them to do other training techniques such as training weekends away. This will build team skills and also allow employees to interact with staff from other sectors in which they work in. Motivation in Burger King In this section I am going to explore the different motivational theorists and see how their theories affect Burger King.  Motivation is having the desire and willingness to do something. A motivated person can be reaching for either a long-term goal or a short term goal. Motivation is important as if employees are motivated to work; it increases the quality of products and therefore the reputation of a business. This is a major factor within Burger King as they are known for a high staff turnover. However, if their staff were more motivated and saw the long term opportunities for working for Burger King, they may be more willing to stay on and try for promotion.

Supply Chain Management - Tasty Treats Example

Supply Chain Management Supply Chain Management What recommendations should Rachel make in her presentation to Tasty Treats senior management? Rachel should give advice that can help the business solve the challenge of how much stock to order from their suppliers. She should propose introduction of a system that gives Tasty Treats a real time analysis of stock levels. This would involve the introduction of computerized systems, such as QuickBooks, which provide an easy way of assessing stock levels. Such systems indicate the amount of stock at hand at any time, thus alerting the supply department of the need to make more orders when the stocks approach the reorder level. A just in time stock system would also minimize the levels of stocks that would lead to excessive holding costs. A reduction in holding costs minimizes the expenses of the business, which translates to a better bottom line, and more capital.The management of Tasty Treats faces a challenge of realizing the importance of high service levels, and Rachel should highli ght the integral role it plays in business. A high level of customer service, for instance, ensures that the business does not receive any stock outs, leading to customer satisfaction. Therefore, she should insist on Tasty Treat offering their customers impeccable service. Such service draws more customers to the business, thus increasing the average sales. An increase in sales would result in greater profits for the business. More to these, excellent customer service distinguishes an organization from competitors, leading to a competitive lead in the industry. Therefore, she should insist on a 99 percent service level for Tasty Treats.Tasty Treats faces a problem of not taking advantage of discounts offered by suppliers. If the business works at achieving a high customer service level, the company’s sales ought to increase. Consequent to these, Tasty Treats would be compelled to order more, thus take advantage of available discounts from suppliers. The discounts help in lowe ring the ordering costs, thus releasing substantial finances to other activities.

buy custom Their Own Worst Enemy essay

buy custom Their Own Worst Enemy essay This article talks about the investors who love to put their blames on their advisers when their investments do not work out. The advisers on the other hand put the blame on the investors suggesting that they are their own worst enemies. There are three main ways through which the advisers suggests the investors damage their own selections; the first is blowing in the wind where the investors are easily influenced by the market situation. They sometimes sell low while they buy high thus encountering losses. Lee Munson, the owner of Albuquerque once said that the bold and foolish lambs are enticed by noise to each treacherous gulf. The second issue according to Mr. Munson is that the investors buying stocks without examining it methodically and considering how it suits in a portfolio is not a brilliant idea. Note that Mr. Munson was an adviser of a 70-year-old retired multimillionaire and he experienced such things. The other way is that the investors focus too narrowly. The advisers frequently speak diversification as a means to endure the ups and downs of financial markets. Another adviser mentioned in the article is Mr. Tuttle who was dealing with an old woman in 80s concerning her gold coins and stocks. He tried to urge her to get rid of some of the gold but it was difficult because she said that the gold never goes down. There are numerous individuals who falls in the same trap. For example, P.J. DiNuzzo, the founder of Investment Advisors Inc. said that most clients have their assortment situated in US without international diversification. His suggestion was that these clients are not focused at all, diversification is brilliant but the investing approach is scattered thus being likely to miss the mark. The article also talks about a New Providence adviser, James Gallo who says that the investors have no concept of their general allocation and that investment cannot be effective when managed with four different brokers and three different banks. He gives an example of a couple who invested in technology stocks who had lots of problems until they sorted his advice in 2010. He winded up by saying that he is not sure if they will act on his advise but if they do so, their investments will be successful. Buy custom Their Own Worst Enemy essay

Linear Parent Functions (Algebra Help)

Linear Parent Functions (Algebra Help) In Algebra Functions, a function is described as a set of data that has one distinct output (y) for each input (x). A function also describes the relationship between inputs (x) and outputs (y). As a testament to the various patterns between x and y, several types of functions exist. Algebraic Functions LinearAbsolute ValueQuadraticExponentialTrigonometricRationalLogarithmic Each type of Algebraic function is its own family and possesses unique traits. If you want to understand the characteristics of each family, study its parent function, a template of domain and range that extends to other members of the family. This article focuses on the linear parent function. Linear Parent Function Characteristics The equation of the linear parent function is y x. Refer to Linear Parent Function for the graph of y x. Domain: All real numbers Range: All real numbersThe slope, or rate of change, is constant. Linear Function Flips, Shifts, and Other Tricks Family members have common and contrasting attributes. If your dad has a big nose, then you probably have one as well. Nonetheless, just as you are different from your parents, so is a subsequent function different from its parent. Note: Any changes to the equation will alter the graph. Vertical Shiftsy x1The graph shifts up 1 unit. y x-4The graph shifts down 4 units. Changes in Steepnessy 3xThe graph becomes steeper. y  ½xThe graph becomes flatter. Negative Influencey  The graph flips and slopes downward, instead of upward. (See Calculate a Negative Slope.)

BizCafe Weekly Business Review #4 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

BizCafe Weekly Business Review #4 - Coursework Example The checkbook balance stands at $904.67, meaning that the business is not all drained up, but still has some revenues in the business account. The cafà © is however not operating at a loss as deposits outweighs the payments made. The net income has dropped to $13, 136.23 as compared to the previous week, which indicated the net income at $13,247.48. This could be as a result of added expanses since we had to hire another server and also part with $500 for the espresso damage. The local labor reports indicate a drop in the turnover rate, which currently stands at 13.6%; this is a great relief to the business as the previous week was harsh where one server quit, therefore inconveniencing the operations and additional expenses were incurred in recruiting of another server. The customer’s survey indicates an increase in customer satisfaction from 54% to 55%. This could have been determined by a number of reasons - great service, friendly prices, and the great coffee offered. This is as per the customer’s suggestions. According to Cochran (2003, p.2), customer satisfaction should be a priority for any business, as the customers determine the sales to be made, depending on their turn up. Satisfied customers will market the business to their friends, hence achieving customer loyalty, which increases profitability and productivity of a business. In the previous week, the management decided not to consider renovation of the cafà © as the customer’s suggestions indicated that they appreciated the current state of the cafà ©. In addition, no costs were incurred, as our aim is to minimize on costs and maximize on returns. In addition, we have agreed to a live entertainment from a local jazz band, which will not charge us. This strategy aims at attracting customers by adding a remedy to their coffee, which is music. At the same time, we will increase profitability

Watch movies and talking about why its harmful to voters.( you could Essay

Watch movies and talking about why its harmful to voters.( you could chose any topic you like) - Essay Example The Century of the Self exposes how thorough and scientific the PR industry has become. In its early days the industry concerned itself with selling products by highlighting its features. However, quite soon, as the Unique Selling Propositions (USPs) of competing products decreased, the only way of distinguishing products was through their perceptions. This led to a pervasive trend of promoting products for their qualities and attributes. This is where Sigmund Freud’s theories on psychoanalysis were employed. The advertising industry, from being endorsers of products had now turned into manipulators of individual psychology. If the choice of psychological manipulation was bad enough for consumers, it was even more portentous when it comes to democracy. The successful party propaganda efforts of Adolf Hitler in the 1930s had set a notorious benchmark. Ever since, political campaigns have come exclusively to depend on marketing success and not on the merits of election manifestos. These days the same PR firms that sell us toothpaste and detergent also sell us our next President. Hence, as The Century of the Self indicated in grave tone, politics today has become an exercise in tapping our primordial fears and instincts. Politics is no more a reasoned discourse on the merits and demerits of policies. The documentary Toxic Sludge is Good For You is again another indictment of the PR industry. It talks of the unholy alliance between big corporations, political parties and the PR industry. As a result most programs in mainstream media are no more than exercises in creating illusions. As the title ironically suggests, advertisements have become synonymous with spreading falsities. To a large extent even the general public knows it. The documentary alludes to how PR industry had copied some of the strategies used by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) for international espionage and sabotage. In a

Capital Budgetting of Caledonia Products Research Paper

Capital Budgetting of Caledonia Products - Research Paper Example A- Caledonia Products should focus on free cash flows for evaluation of the project investment as compare to accounting profit in capital budgeting decision. Free cash flows provide the real picture of the amount that would be available to company from the project as the results are arrived with incorporating elements of time and risks in evaluation. Accounting profits, on other hand, are more like figures on paper only and due to ignorance of mentioned factors. There is every opportunity that accounting profits of the project shows an investment profitable, but it might be possible that the investment might not yield any returns to the company. Another reason to focus on cash flow results than accounting profits is accounting profits include all expenditure and incomes be it result in cash in-flow or outflow. For instance, depreciation does not actually cause any cash out-flow but it is included in the accounting profits. However, cash flow accounts only consider those that affect t he movement in cash inwards or outwards. So, free cash flows should be used to evaluate any project. Since the report is evaluate new project and take decision to undergo or not, therefore, company should focus on incremental cash flows from the projects. There may be the case when overall company making positive cash flows whereas flow from the said project is otherwise. Incremental cash flows form the project provides marginal benefit firm can reap by taking this investment decisions. Same goes for the total and incremental profits. Incremental profits provide evaluation of benefit particular project will add to the firm’s value in addition to the total profits firm will be making. Therefore incremental profits should be used. B- DEPRECIATION EXPENSE AND FREECASH FLOW Depreciation is a non cash expense and although it is recorded in accounting statements as expense, but it does not actually incur any cash outflows (Gitman, 2003). However, overall project cash flow receives impact from depreciation expense over a period of projects life. Depreciation expense reduces the amount of tax accrued on company which is a cash flow item; therefore, it impacts cash flow positively. C- SUNK COST AND ITS IMPACT ON CASH FLOWS Corporate finance theory suggests that while making investment decisions using capital budgeting techniques no consideration should be given to the sunk cost as this cost has already been incurred (Khan, 1993) whether the project is conducted or not and therefore it has no relevancy to future incremental cash flows that determines the acceptance or rejection of cash flows. Only the concerned element is the after tax incremental cash flows as this is the amount which is available to the shareholder. Hence, evaluation of project using NPV and IRR shall ignore sunk cost item. D- INITIAL OUTLAY OF THE PORJECT Initial outlay of any project refers to amount of investment that will be required to undertake a project or the cost incurred for beginning the project. It includes basic plant and installation cost along with any shipping or transportation cost incurred to take plant to production point. It further includes any change working capital due to this project. Initial cost incurred for this project is: $ $8,100,000.00 which includes: Plant and equipment cost is $7,900,000 the installation and shipping cost is $100,000 increased working capital is $100,000 E- DIFFERENTIAL CASH FLOWS OVER THE PROJECT'S LIFE Differential cash flow refers to incremental after tax

Skoda Auto Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Skoda Auto - Case Study Example Globally, Skoda Auto commands significant brand recall. Their claim to fame was always their pedigree. Skoda Auto realized the need to communicate information about its product features. The recent print campaign attempts that. In June last year, the company played the safety card. The advertising strategy is pitched on safety. So there is a mother and kid print ad, and the copy reads we fill our airbags with life.' The proposition was centered on the fact that Skoda automobile comes with six airbags - a feature that safeguards the owner and his little one. This feature targets customers who are safety conscious. "We use television commercials as part of the corporate branding strategy, while the print advertisements communicate the benefits," explains Vaid. The recent well built' television commercial is a 30-second film shot in exotic locales in Goa. It says that the car needs to be well built to carry one's loved ones. However, the contemporariness of models has a big impact on purchase decision. The perception of the car in terms of its performance and design, quality, sales and after-sales, cost of ownership, apart from brand image, all affect the purchase decision. Product quality has the highest correlation with brand image, Bhatia says.

Select an organisation and to develop a strategic review of its Essay

Select an organisation and to develop a strategic review of its external environment and the related issues it faces. It can be - Essay Example History of the Company Tyrrells Potato Chips Company is proudly and dedicatedly engaged in producing, farming, and processing of these potatoes into chips. This farm is located in Tyrrells Court, England. The company is progressing in this field of business for the last 20 years. The owner of the company had put extensive effort and dedication in converting his potato store into a small manufacturing factory after completing a detailed research in the field of processed foods and advanced machinery implementation and development. Tyrrells is famous for its flavors, which is the result of old grown potatoes (www.chelseamarketbasket.com, 2012). Manufacturing Process The process of Tyrrells Potato chips operations include production and harvesting of potato crop in small batches, prepared and cut into fine slices, and fried in high quality sunflower cooking oil. Lastly, these fries are packed in highly satisfactory packages sealed by using latest technology to ensure the freshness of th e potato chips. The packaging of the chips forms an additional lively image to the potato chips (www.chelseamarketbasket.com, 2012). ... Nibbles of Fritas, spicy, and Thai Chilli flavors. Tortyrrells of hot chillies, sour cream, cheddar and onion flavors (www.tyrrellscrisps.co.uk, 2012). The Business Progress The Tyrrells have made the highest volume of sales in 2008 i.e. 13 million pounds. It is reported that the owner of the company Will Chase have sold out major portion of stock of the company to the firm named as Langholm Capital for about 30 million pounds In addition, the company has originated a new subsidiary by name of Chase Distilleries, which is engaged in the production of a new kind of chips named as Vodka potato (PotatoPro, 2012). External Analysis Industry Analysis As per latest reports, the savory snack industry in UK is growing even during the times of decreased economic growth. According to the latest statistics, the savory snack market grew by 7.1% during 2011and earned a total of ?2.71 billion profit out of retail selling prices. The primary factors contributing to the success of savory snack indus try are growing fame and popularity of these snacks in the UK market, increasing number of adult lunch boxes, increasing in the trends of bag sharing adapted by manufacturers and increasing responses to the customer demand with regard to health safety and more innovative flavors (Keynote, 2011). Manufacture of potatoes has heavily dominated the snack industry as compare to simple crisps. The primary reasons behind it are growing responses of manufacturers towards customers with respect to issues pertaining to health, fats free food and lighter snack, therefore manufacturers have shifted their style of production and processing. In addition, there are higher demands of customers to introduce innovative flavors both British and exotic origins. The demand for nuts and pop corns has also

Persuasive Research PaperFinal Version Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Persuasive Research PaperFinal Version - Essay Example Some brides experience the intercourse slightly discomforting and unsatisfying. Rather than accepting that this is a usual, normal experience that will eventually be go away through repetition, she could sustain a negative form of fear or anxiety which will ruin the marriage. This usually results in depression. This essay argues that postnuptial depression or post-wedding blues among newlywed women is very real and common. Postnuptial depression is a widespread, but rarely studied issue. Signs involve buying Martha Steward Weddings in secret, attending bridal shows simply to know the current trend in the market, and trying to make an appointment with the wedding planner because she misses her. Postnuptial depression may not be classified as a clinical finding, yet it has moved into the marriage dictionary in recent years, and newlywed women will attest to its reality. The depression normally happen soon after the wedding, according to psychiatrists, as newlywed women start realizing that dreams of how their relationship or spouse will change after the wedding are too idealistic. Worse, as soon as the excitement of the wedding dries out, couples are forced to abandon their deeply treasured and often enduring ‘bride and groom’ limelight and simply deal with reality. A San Francisco psychologist, Dr. Michelle Gannon, reports there has been an increase recently in the number of newlyweds who seek help for their postnuptial depression. According to psychiatrists, most people feel a certain extent of disillusionment after the wedding, but 5 to 10 per cent of newlywed couples experience severe enough regret, disappointment, or unhappiness to compel them to look for professional counselling. The medical head of the Moonview Sanctuary in California, Dr. Terry Eagan, refers to post-wedding blues the undisclosed sorrow—women who suffer from it are usually quite ashamed to disclose it to anyone. One newlywed woman admitted that â€Å"A lot of my friends had

Select an organisation and to develop a strategic review of its Essay

Select an organisation and to develop a strategic review of its external environment and the related issues it faces. It can be - Essay Example History of the Company Tyrrells Potato Chips Company is proudly and dedicatedly engaged in producing, farming, and processing of these potatoes into chips. This farm is located in Tyrrells Court, England. The company is progressing in this field of business for the last 20 years. The owner of the company had put extensive effort and dedication in converting his potato store into a small manufacturing factory after completing a detailed research in the field of processed foods and advanced machinery implementation and development. Tyrrells is famous for its flavors, which is the result of old grown potatoes (www.chelseamarketbasket.com, 2012). Manufacturing Process The process of Tyrrells Potato chips operations include production and harvesting of potato crop in small batches, prepared and cut into fine slices, and fried in high quality sunflower cooking oil. Lastly, these fries are packed in highly satisfactory packages sealed by using latest technology to ensure the freshness of th e potato chips. The packaging of the chips forms an additional lively image to the potato chips (www.chelseamarketbasket.com, 2012). ... Nibbles of Fritas, spicy, and Thai Chilli flavors. Tortyrrells of hot chillies, sour cream, cheddar and onion flavors (www.tyrrellscrisps.co.uk, 2012). The Business Progress The Tyrrells have made the highest volume of sales in 2008 i.e. 13 million pounds. It is reported that the owner of the company Will Chase have sold out major portion of stock of the company to the firm named as Langholm Capital for about 30 million pounds In addition, the company has originated a new subsidiary by name of Chase Distilleries, which is engaged in the production of a new kind of chips named as Vodka potato (PotatoPro, 2012). External Analysis Industry Analysis As per latest reports, the savory snack industry in UK is growing even during the times of decreased economic growth. According to the latest statistics, the savory snack market grew by 7.1% during 2011and earned a total of ?2.71 billion profit out of retail selling prices. The primary factors contributing to the success of savory snack indus try are growing fame and popularity of these snacks in the UK market, increasing number of adult lunch boxes, increasing in the trends of bag sharing adapted by manufacturers and increasing responses to the customer demand with regard to health safety and more innovative flavors (Keynote, 2011). Manufacture of potatoes has heavily dominated the snack industry as compare to simple crisps. The primary reasons behind it are growing responses of manufacturers towards customers with respect to issues pertaining to health, fats free food and lighter snack, therefore manufacturers have shifted their style of production and processing. In addition, there are higher demands of customers to introduce innovative flavors both British and exotic origins. The demand for nuts and pop corns has also

Plea-Bargaining Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Plea-Bargaining - Essay Example Defendants, however, derive the benefit of reduced sentences and the notion that the prosecution could still succeed in proving them guilty facilitates decision for plea-bargaining. Fear of bias in the judicial process could also be a factor (Siegel & Worrall 202, 203). Plea-bargaining does not serve justice to any stakeholder but only offer convenience to the overburdened criminal justice system. It only grants lenient charges to defendants, may force innocent defendants to plead guilty, and establish convenience for the prosecution and the judges, aspects that do not identify justice. Victims and the society however suffer injustice as wrongs against them escape necessary level of punishment (Siegel & Worrall 202, 203). Your post is precise and comprehensive to the prompts. The opinion on possibility of a defendant escaping charges at trial, if the prosecution fails to prove beyond reasonable doubt, is particularly outstanding. I believe it identifies justice in plea-bargaining for victims, especially in an environment that criminals could rely on wealth and brilliant lawyers as well as tampering with evidence to escape conviction. The post offers information on reasons for the high incidence of plea-bargaining such as time convenience for defendants and the prosecution and complexity in the prosecution’s burden of proof beyond reasonable doubt. The post, however, lacks precision and points are scarce in a multitude of words that are not incident to the

Hindrance to Effective Communication Essay Example for Free

Hindrance to Effective Communication Essay New technology such as smart phones should be a great asset and a powerful aid to helping us work more efficiently. We can respond to urgent emails on the go, refer to useful websites and look up quick facts. However, these gadgets, as well helping us, can also prove to be a hindrance providing information overload and constant interruptions. We receive so many emails and are exposed to so much information that it can be hard to distil what is actually important and what isn’t. We fill our brains with clutter and lose the ability to focus on our priorities and spend our time responding to trivial emails. We think we are multi-tasking but actually we are becoming less productive. We read each email but don’t always process the information we need. As a result, we risk irritating the sender by asking them to remind us what they said or to send the email again. More worryingly, we allow ourselves to be distracted from more important tasks by the seeming urgency of each email that comes in. This information overload doesn’t only impact the way we process information ourselves but can also have a negative impact on the way others perceive us. It is all too easy to give the impression that you are not listening to the other person. It can be quite obvious even on the telephone that you are distracted by your inbox rather than giving the speaker your full attention. In a face-to-face meeting, of course, it is only too apparent when the person you are talking to is distracted by their smart phone rather than focusing on the content of the meeting. In the past several years, texting and instant messaging have become phenomena that few of us have been able to escape. Though most popular with the younger generations, it is becoming increasingly common to see people of all ages absorbed in silent conversations on their cell phones. The availability of constant, instant communication makes many people feel connected to their friends in ways they never were before. But do these printed messages and instant responses help or hinder us socially? The instant messaging fad brought abbreviations such as LOL (Laugh Out Loud) and BRB (Be Right Back) into our language as commonly accepted words. The younger generations chatted happily in this new language while everyone else struggled to understand what BTW (By the Way) and IDK (I Dont Know) meant. This phenomenon spread over into texting as children as young as five received the latest models of cell phones to communicate with their friends and family. Though everyone with a cell phone is clearly well-connected to other people, the question remains whether engaging in such constant, abbreviated communication is a help or a hindrance in personal relationship skills. Over the past decade there has been a dramatic difference in the attitudes and communication styles of the younger generations, but how much of this change has been compounded by the lack of face to face communication advocated by the texting craze? There is no way to tell for certain whether texting and instant messaging have actually caused the breakdown of one-on-one, face-to-face communication with people, but I believe it has not helped. Instead of using cell phones as a mere communication tool, many young people view them as a necessity they could not possibly live without. We have all seen people glued to their phones, their fingers flying over the keys as they stand in line at the store, or are walk down the mall, and even frighteningly enough, while they are driving. In one case, a pair of girls walking together in the mall admitted that they were texting each other! I have even been engaged in a conversation with someone when they whipped out their phone to send a text message to someone else! Is this the kind of society we are encouraging by allowing young people to be so dependent on their phones? A society where face to face communication all but ceases to exist in place of disembodied text messages, even when the person you are talking to is standing beside you? It may be true that the people sending and receiving those text messages are communicating with each other, but what does it say to the people who are actually physically around them? What happened to the days when you could walk through the store and complete strangers would smile and greet you as you passed? Have the basic societal manners of years gone by disappeared for good? Using cell phones to talk or text is not a bad thing in itself. However, it is my opinion that certain rules of etiquette should be applied when using them in order to maintain a respectful relationship with everyone you are in contact with. Being glued to your cell phone puts off a very distinct signal that you are unavailable and unapproachable to everyone around you. If you text a friend while talking to someone else you are telling the person in front of you that the friend is more important than they are. Bad grammar and spelling are also compounded by electronic communication. Constantly using abbreviations and fragments in instant communication ingrains these bad habits into a person. English teachers have always struggled to encourage correct spelling and grammar in their students. Now, with texting and instant messaging becoming so prevalent, their jobs are that much harder. And it is not just in the classroom where spelling and grammar have fallen by the wayside. Businesses who are interested in maintaining a high level of professionalism are often hard-pressed to find applicants who can spell, speak, and write properly. So, what can we do to help those people who are addicted to their phones remember that there is more to life than texting and instant messaging? I believe that parents should try to encourage their teenagers to talk on the phone for long conversations, rather than texting back and forth 500 times. Doing so will help teens develop real conversation skills which are not possible in the lingo of texting. Also, everyone should be encouraged to give their full attention to the person they are talking to. If you are engaged in a conversation with someone who starts texting some0one else, kindly ask them to finish talking with you first. If they refuse, simply walk away. I have used this method myself very effectively. Usually, if the person cares about you at all, they will realize how rude their behavior is. So, is texting and instant messaging a help or a hindrance? I believe it is both. Texting and instant messaging can be wonderful forms of communication when implemented correctly, but they can also be abused and have adverse effects. People of all ages need to realize that moderation is the key when using alternate forms of communication. By understanding when these forms are appropriate and when they are not, people can gain valuable communication skills, be more likely to absorb correct spelling and grammar principles, be more productive in the business world and appear far more approachable to the world in general. Since society as a whole is becoming increasingly dependent on the instant communication provided by cell phones, I believe that we must all do what we can to engage in respectful behavior ourselves and encourage it in others. Excellent communication, proper grammar and spelling do not have to be things of ages past. With a little effort and encouragement we can all help ensure that these important values of yesteryears are around for future generations. Texting is the preferred method of communication for young people. According to an article by Mike Flacy, DigitalTrends, One in ten young adults between the ages of 18 to 24 report that they send or receive at least 200 text messages per day (approximately 6,000 messages per month). The next age group, 25-34 year olds, typically average about 42 texts per day and this trend continues to decrease down to about 5 texts a day for the 65 and older group. 200 text messages per day? Do they have time to do anything else in life? Will these young adults get carpal tunnel syndrome of the thumbs? Do you prefer to text rather than talk? According to the survey, Most people are too occupied and busy in todays world that they hardly get enough time to have an elaborated conversation on phone, and hence prefer to communicate via text. I can see the attraction to texting, however I do like to hear a persons voice. The emotions and flavor of the conversation can be misunderstood more easily through texting. After all, you cant hear the sighs and laughter while texting. Yes, you can text little acronyms like LOL and put little smiley faces in your text, but sarcasm and irony are lost in texting. I do like to get little morning text messages from my friends far away, and it is how I communicate with my son most of the time. But I would have to say, my preferred method of communication is voice or Skype. With texting taking over, hands-free devices are even more important. Many of the Smartphones have the capability of translating voice into text to send text messages without typing. A good quality Bluetooth headset with noise canceling makes this process much better. Do you have a Bluetooth mobile headset? I have a Droid X, which is a bit cumbersome to hold up to your ear to talk. I love having my Bluetooth headset to use, especially for multitasking around the house while talking on the phone. And of course with more and more states requiring hands-free devices while driving, a good headset is essential. Do you have one? Whats your favorite? Meanwhile, dont get into any thumb wrestling contest with anyone under 30 years of age. You KNOW their thumbs are agile and strong from texting a bazillion words per minute.

Risks And Process Of Waste Incineration Environmental Sciences Essay

Risks And Process Of Waste Incineration Environmental Sciences Essay It is specified, under this act that that waste is disposed of or recovered without putting human health at risk and without harming the environment in particular, such as air, water, animals, plants or soil and also It should not cause any foul smell or noise around so as to affect any human being. (Environmental Protection) Some of the other legislations that can be listed are as per follows. 2. The Waste Management Licensing Regulations 1994 3. Environment Act 1995 4. Waste Minimisation Act (1998) 5. Pollution Prevention and Control Act (1999) 6. The Producer Responsibility Obligations (Packaging Waste) Regulations 2005 7. The Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment Regulations 2006. (UK Wasteà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) It should be noted that the above list is not exhaustive. The purpose of all these legislation is to protect the environment and all natural substances such as air, water, land, animal, plants and surroundings from the ill effects of hazardous chemicals and industrial wastes. The Risks Associated with Existing Incineration Sites Incinerations are not a right waste disposal technique for the following reasons. Destroying Valuable Resources Incineration of waste simply means that materials have been used only once and then are destroyed. It is a fact that all natural resources that we make use of have finite supplies. All natural resources whether it is iron, aluminum, copper, plastic, glass do not have unlimited supplies then why are we not thinking on recycling of these natural resources? Precious natural habitats and forests in Indonesia, Brazil, Malaysia, and Myanmar were exploited on mass scale for the supply of timber and production of pulp for paper mills. This is also the reason why some of the species have become extinct and natural ecological system has been put in jeopardy. Wood and paper recycling is need of the day to save our forest area. For that matter recycling of all natural produce is a necessity in these ever increasing consumer demands. A small study on SELCHP Incinerator It is a myth that incinerators finish the waste. Einsteins principle holds true here also that matter cannot be destroyed but are only transformed from one form to another. Essentially, incinerators do not destroy them they just convert it into gases and ash. Household waste which is a cocktail of many harmful substances when burnt in incinerator produce many harmful gases and part of it gets released into atmosphere through chimney. The residue known as ash goes for landfill. Incinerators burn the wastes that create toxic fumes. Though the norms are made by regulatory authorities; often they are violated by the incinerator operators. Two incinerators that are in operation in south London (SELCHP) and North London (Edmonton) were fined for infringements innumerable times in the last 15 years. It is known that domestic waste contains fluorescent tubes and bulbs which have mercury in it, plastic materials, cadmium and many other harmful compounds. Besides, some of the electrical appliances contain cadmium, chromium and lead. They cause more volatile compounds in the heat of incinerator and generate dangerous vapors which get escape from chimneys of the incinerator into the atmosphere polluting natural environment and air. (SELCHP INCINERATOR 2002) Dioxin-a most Potent Threat to the Mankind The plastic materials like PVC, CPVC which contain bound chlorine with them and release dioxins when gets burnt. Dioxin, most toxic substance second only to radioactive waste, falls under the class of super-toxic chemicals that forms during burning of plastics and organic chemicals. In the past, people were made to leave the places such as Love Canal and Times Beach, Missouri due to excessive contamination of dioxin. Various plasticizers used in production processes of plastic are also harmful when get burnt in the incinerator as they emit toxic gases which in turn get released in the atmosphere. At least for last more than 25 years incinerators are used to burn industrial and medical waste. A large list of domestic products using vinyl plastics when burned in incineration is a reason of increased level of dioxin, which spreads settling on crops that are subsequently eaten by cattle. It not only contaminates lakes, rivers and other water source but also accumulates in the fat tissues of the animals and secreted in milk and meat products. Dioxin is excreted by the human and animal body very slowly and they are mostly indestructible. (Dioxin 2011) Most Potential Reasons That Go Against Incinerators Incinerators emit enormous amount of greenhouse gases such as nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide and create change in global climate. Incinerators emit more amount of Carbon dioxide in comparison to any fossil fuel-based power plant that includes coal based power plant per unit production of electricity. (Burning wasteà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) Industries of the area take advantage of the situation. Industries around dump their toxic waste to get rid of and thus conveniently hide their dirty practices. In a way they use the incineration system to their advantage and continue their operations at the cost of society. Incinerators take away the recycling possibilities of natural materials and thus create the wastage of the natural resource. The possibilities of extra job creations in recycling industries are taken away by the costly incineration technologies. In a way, it is a colossal waste of not only natural resources but public money. (Recycling versusà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) It is a myth that incinerators produce energy from waste but the truth is that by burning the waste they increase the consumption of fresh materials. This tends to increase the energy consumption in producing those materials. Energy consumption is at least 4-5 times more in producing fresh material in compare to recycling of those materials. (Burning wasteà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) Residual ash generated is almost found to be 30 percent of the original waste by weight and that needs to be disposed of to landfill sites. The ash is toxic and though all precautions are taken in land fill, they may get leaked into groundwater. All toxins being in ash has more chance of leaching then when they are in unburned state. As per the EU commission, leaching from landfills will be one of the most potential sources of dioxins in coming years. The landfill area has been accumulating huge amount of ashes by burning the waste in incinerators and will be a serious concern for continual source of pollutants in the water streams and then it will be difficult to remove it and preserve our water sources. The spoiled water from such carcinogenic compounds will bring a doom for society at large. (SCHARFF H) The bottom ash is being used for construction purposes; however, this is far from being safe. Mainly the ash is being employed for the road construction and the ash mainly contains lead, arsenic, sulfates, zinc, that are in unbound state and not suitable for use in road construction. The authorities permit bottom ash for road maintenance and construction and likely to cause leaching in underground source of water spoiling good water source. It is to be kept in mind that the ash containing highly toxic materials such as dioxins and heavy metals has all chance of leaching to the surrounding soils and can spoil the agricultural land permanently. This is highly dangerous in the sense that it can spoil the food products such as grains, fruits and vegetables which are consumed by humans. No monitoring is being done on such construction and on its after-effects and it is not known what cost society may have to pay for such practices in the long run. The leaching of these compounds will main ly take place intensively during rain, snow and windy environment. Incinerator ash is currently being used by Birmingham City Council for road building in huge amount. Even in the capital city of London, its use has been made at the places like Waltham Forest, Enfield, Greenwich and Essex. It is being used extensively in road construction but without proper monitoring and knowing that how and in what intensity it can spoil good arable land and water sources. (What Happensà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) Incinerator Report in Byker, Newcastle Incident on Byker plant in Newcastle is worth noting. On the insistence of local populace and many environment protectionists that they do not want incinerator any further, municipal council agreed to take the stock of the situation. A working group was formed comprising local residents, various agencies and council members to examine the issues and proposals. Since 1994, bottom and fly ash from incinerators were used in preparing path material in and around Newcastle and total materials used were to the tune of 2000 tonnes. Initial tests showed presence of heavy metals and on public demand the Council agreed to carry out further testing at the University of Newcastle upon Tyne. (Dioxins foundà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) The results showed 800 times more dioxin level than the normal levels. Even sites which were not dumped with ash showed heightened levels of dioxin indicating that chimney emissions had fouled them. (Dioxins foundà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) Researchers at Newcastle University examined 16 allotment sites where the ash was used; 13 were found to have very heavily elevated levels of copper, lead and zinc, as reported by the paper Guardian in its issue 26 May, 2000. (Dioxins foundà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) Alternative Plan to Handle Municipal Waste It is true that landfill area has to be reduced for several reasons. European Landfill Directive demands considerable reduction in the quantity of biodegradable waste disposal. It has formulated three step reduction in waste going for land filling. Taking 1995 as baseline, the first step reduction is set at 25% by 2010, second step at 50% by 2013 and last step at 65% by 2020. Due to this reason many municipal authorities take the stand that incinerator is necessary to meet the norms under the directive but the argument is not acceptable for several reasons. (Landfill Directivesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦p 8) If just 30% of newspaper, card and organic wastes, are recycled, it is possible to meet the first target as required by the directive in reducing biodegradable waste going to landfill. This and future targets can certainly be achieved with the systems and technologies that are currently available. It should be noted that targets are only for biodegradable waste. Government estimates itself tell that 60% of the current waste is biodegradable so in a sense there is no difficulty in meeting the government norms with regard to landfill targets. Though, it is necessary to decrease the amount of waste going for land filling but it is not at all necessary to use incinerator for the purpose. Several towns such as Canberra in Australia by 59%, the city of Edmonton in Canada by 70% and the towns in New Zealand and USA have successfully achieved reductions in land filling up to even 70 percent without resorting to any incineration technology. This has been achieved by them in a short span of 5 years. As such, most of the people in the industry have the view that 60% is quite realistic target for reduction in landfill by recycling and other methods. (SELCHP INCINERATOR, p 5) This can otherwise be achieved through skillfully designed methods and techniques as laid down in the following plans. An efficient collection and composting of garden, kitchen waste is the first step in this process to meet the recycling targets and Landfill directives. The domestic stream materials separation needs some basic infrastructure and that can also be used for recyclable material from trade and similar streams. The source separation of waste is critical step in waste reduction programme. It can be separated in three streams. A. Dry Stream B. Compostable Stream C. Residuals Oil, light bulbs, paint pesticides will not be included in the municipal waste stream. They will have separate collection points at appropriate locations. Wet Organics-Stream 1 Subsequent to separation, Composting will be the next step towards waste management. Organic material causes major environmental issues and its separation reduces the toxicity level for it eliminates organic acid which dissolves heavy metals and cause the leaching. Organic waste constitutes about 40 percent of the household waste. Taking away the full range of organic materials along with dry recycling reduces the volume and odour causing potential of the residual stream. Garden and kitchen waste streams are treated separately. Food waste is normally high density and can be composted at enclosed facilities while green waste being low in density can be composted separately. Home composting is the best solution for garden waste. Dry Recyclables-Stream 2 Metal, cans, glass bottles, paper, textiles constitute about 30-40% of dry recyclables. However, this requires following steps in order to make it successful a. It needs educating people to have maximum participation so that these dry recyclables are collected to its maximum. b. New collection ways and means are employed for convenient and successful collection of these materials. Residual Waste-Stream 3 The best part of Mechanical-Biological Treatment (MBT) is not to mix up recyclables, organics and toxic materials so that they cannot contaminate each other. MBT reduces the amount of the residual by a further 50% MBT System can be summarized as per the following 1. Source separation 2. Mechanical stage. Metals, plastics and other materials are removed. 3. The biological stage made of composting system to reduce the weight. The materials composted at this stage are paper, card board, kitchen waste, and the organic material. 4. The residue is now reduced to a great extent and also stabilized. This can be land filled as it now carries a very low risk of methane production. (Landfill Directiveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) Advantages over Incineration The advantage of MBT plant is their flexibility to adjust as per modular concepts. They can be constructed quickly at much lesser cost. With all hazardous materials removed from the waste stream, the residuals will be more inert like. This can be finally composted and send to landfill. In contrast, incinerator always keeps on generating toxic gases from chemical and thermal reactions. Plastics and paper are the two materials that provide maximum calorific value in municipal wastes. Plastic is the main cause of hazards and paper recycling is much more beneficial compared to fresh production as already discussed earlier. (Landfill Directiveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) Thus, we conclude that government should stop promoting Incinerator installations to treat municipal waste and think of the other ways as out lined above to treat municipal wastes

Functions Of Management Essay -- Business Management

There may be many ways for an organization to become successful but the key to success is not the system of the firm but the character and skills of the individual manager (Maister, 2002). Maister further stated that the character and skill of individual managers who "practice what they preach" and recognize the manager's role in training employees are what's really significant. Management is necessary for a business to function, yet when exploring the role of the manager, it becomes rather complex. Managers must be resourceful; they are individuals who wear many hats. The job of every manager involves what is known as the functions of management. Richard Daft definition of management is "the attainment of organizational goals in an effective and efficient manner through the employment of the four management functions of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling organizational resources" (2005). Daft adds that these functions are goal-directed, interrelated and interdependent. The first of these functions, planning, involves creating a systematic process for achieving the goals of the firm. It prepares the organization for the future. Planning can take many forms and a variety of methods may be employed. Creativity and communication becomes very important in the function of planning. For example, during my employment with a tax service, in planning a marketing campaign several people had to be contacted. Communication was initiated in different forms such as e-mail, telephone, written memorandums and creative jingles. Today managers make use of planning through software and technological items such as blackberries in order to be well prepared during the planning process. Planning can also be seen as a way of control. ... ... needed (2005). Managers also play an important role is advancing these goals. Rather than just manipulating things and people to achieve goals, managers must advance overall organizational goals through the use of information systems. Technology is one element that is helping managers take control. The use of the internet and other technology has enabled them to keep tabs on performance without maintaining daily authoritarian control over employees (Daft, 2005). In Maister's book, "Practice What You Preach", he list nine statements as the most important truths for employees and profitability. The performance from company to company, despite the country, the size of the practice and the line of business, the four functions of management I found to be equally significant in his nine truths. Works Cited Maister, D.H. (2001), "Practice What You Preach"

The Role of Diversity Training in Businesses

Diversity training has become a necessity in businesses today. Diversity training is necessary because of people†s differences in our work force. Some of these differences are race, gender, culture, age, and disabilities. Because our organization is so diverse, this program will help educate, sensitize and prepare people to get along in our workplace. If done right, I feel that the training programs will bring our company promising results. One study by Katrina Jordan on diversity training in the workplace from the perspective of organization/human resources diversity practitioners and diversity consultants showed positive results. Some of the outcomes found in this study were changes in staff behavior, increases staff sensitivity, increased executive commitment, recognition that diversity training is not just a H.R function, etc. For some diversity training â€Å"empowers people by helping them to understand others and develop a world view beyond their own. As a result they know how to respond to and resolve differences that might otherwise interfere with their work†(Jordan). Programs are made up to cover a wide range of topics. These topics include defining, developing and managing diversity, harassment prevention, cross cultural communication, and creating an affirming environment. Workers will be able to bring up their own specific topics as well. Training sessions will be of two types. First we will have a series of speaker†s come in at least once every other week and talk to large groups no larger than 75 people. Also during the week between smaller groups of no more that 20 people will meet for discussions. All sessions will be held at times convenient to all employees. To try to create an informal environment we will serve coffee and donuts. For the training programs to make a positive impact it is important for all levels of employees to take part. Training must begin from the top down. H.R participants say that it is essential for top executives to take part in these training sessions. Middle management will be stressed to attend, since they are doing a lot of interaction with people. Following a substantial period of time the company should be able to notice a difference in job performance and hopefully increase profits. Since we can utilize our conference room and auditorium the price for the training program is very inexpensive. The lectures will be brought in from the outside for a standard lecture fee. A small amount will be spent for refreshments to help create a relaxed environment. In the end the program should basically pay for itself.

Your Future Position – Your Ceo Philosophies

1. How would you use the Strategic Planning Model to approach post-graduation â€Å"identification and securing† of the most promising position? 0r does the Strategic Planning Model stifle or enhance the strategic creativity of strong, direct individuals? I would use the strategic planning model very similar as I would if I were using it for a business planning tool. The only difference would be a slight deviation on the objectives. Instead of being a corporate objective, I would cut that down into smaller categories and identify how it would benefit me while still being considered a great asset to the company.In the end, I would compare and contrast my findings. See below. 1. ) Step 1: Prepare for planning (overall strategy for all opportunities) – Decide what needs to be looked at, what highlights I have, what opportunities are available and locations. Who should be involved? Define all expectations. 2. ) Step 2: Vision for employment (overall strategy for all opportu nities) – Define the perfect or ideal position. 3. ) Step 3: SWOT (need to do for each independent opportunity) – 360 scan of each company where employment has potential. Where are the strengths and weaknesses of the company?Where are the threats? Is there potential to move up the ladder? Look at external and internal (if available) factors. Research before, ask during interview. 4. ) Step 4: Context (need to do for each independent opportunity) – What is the area like? Is the community economically stable or not? Is the town/city the company is located in growing. What will the commuting time be like? Research before, ask during interview. 5. ) Step 5: Mission (need to do for each independent opportunity) – Does the mission statement of the company or department align with my personal goals.Can I see myself delivering on the criteria the statement is giving to its consumers? Research before, ask during interview. 6. ) Step 6: Problem Statement (need to d o for each independent opportunity) – Issues discovered from step 4. Indicate reaction to those roadblocks. Is the company private or public and are there any financial constraints that could hinder growth for the company or its employees. Research before, ask during interview. 7. ) Step 7: Strategies (need to do for each independent opportunity) – If there are any problems, how will I go around them to resolve? Is it something I can face head on?For employee strategies, who is the target client? What will be the priority topic once employment takes place? How can I fulfill it? Research before, ask during interview. Look at other items such as vacation time, benefits, and other fringe benefits. 8. ) Step 8: Goals (overall strategy for all opportunities) – Define what my short and long term overall employment goals will be. Be sure to match up with what the company can offer. 9. ) Step 9: Objectives (overall strategy for all opportunities and adjust if/when neces sary) – Similar to the goal, identify individual targets within each goal and provide a timeline snapshot.What do I want my efforts at this company to result in on a short term? 10. ) Step 10: Action Plan (overall strategy for all opportunities) – Organize the plan into smaller action plans for each objective. Build in status reviews/updates. Translate the actions into job descriptions and personal performance. Communicate with follow ups. Document all efforts including meetings with potential employers. Integrate the goal and objectives of myself with the goals and objectives of the company. 11. ) Step 11: Evaluate (overall strategy for all opportunities) – Evaluate the plan before I implement.Evaluate each employment opportunity as they arise. After offers are received, pick the best opportunity. 2. Prepare your version of a mission statement for Cleary University. Investing in your future: We strive to be a business education leader by providing a thorough an d rigorous academic schedule that matches what is experienced in the real business world. 3. Which basic philosophies would you adopt as the chief executive of a major corporation (identify and explain)? Simplicity/Clarity/Honesty, Improvement, Discretion Simplicity/Clarity/Honesty – This theory pertains to internal and external factors.In this case, I’m speaking of internal factors. If the business team openly talks whether it’s on an independent level or in a group setting, the team can manifest ideas to help the business stay competitive. Improvement – Since the company will be openly speaking with each other about various topics, by doing so, they can create new products or services, reduce redundancy in office procedures (creating more time for other things), or just enhance things. Discretion – Keep business matters private. Only discuss information about finances with the appropriate people.Keep HR issues with HR, etc. etc. If topics are con tained to the appropriate areas, then the risk of over exposure to the wrong areas will be contained. 4. How might Cleary University practice sustainability? Cleary University could practice sustainability by going green, which they have implemented already. Also, they couple try and incorporate some of the principles into various business decisions. Try to make it a common practice to do so. They can also continuously support initiatives (green, for example) throughout the community.

Crime in Our Society Essay

This is a painful fact we don’t want to face. There is no effective form to change character. All those qualities in life that makes us what we are also help us become criminals. Heredity and environment, interaction of the individual in society, the totality of human nature and experience. Crime reflects more than just the pitiful few that commit it, it reflects the character of society. How did these people capable of stealing a car, or mugging a cripple become that way? All that they are and all that they have experienced is what drove them to commit a crime. Crime is not just sordid happenings, it is human nature. People commit crime. Some think that man is essentially good, and that given the chance, he will develop as a benign being. Others conceive man to be essentially evil and believe that he must be controlled for his own protection and the existence of an ordered society. Crime is a â€Å"Carry On† type industry. It never stops and always keeps growing on. The society has its own rule. Our society says that â€Å"One is innocent until he or she is proven guilty† and it never gives unusual and cruel punishment. Actually the terrific truth is that society itself creates the criminals and laws are there for them to live free. Crime does not require any kind of education or work experience and there is not that much risk, so the person who has nothing to lose can easily choose crime as his or her career. http://static.ddmcdn.com/gif/german-machine-gun.jpg http://cdn.theatlantic.com/static/mt/assets/science/gun1.jpg Gun ownership as American Gun Culture describes looks at the masculinity side of why men own guns. Also explains that family legacy of gun ownership is often a factor in determining whether one will become a gun owner. Many of young people got their first guns as gifts from parents. In the US guns are very easily and non-complicating purchase. It is legal to buy and to own a gun or any other life threatening machine. When the parent had taken more care to teach and exemplify proper gun-handling skills and other firearms knowledge, there is a much greater chance that the recipient of this legacy will embrace (rather than reject) it. Gun collecting has many aspects, but most focus on the historic, technical or artistic merits of the arms which make them appealing to collectors. Some collectors cherish a rusty bayonet, or musket ball recovered from an old battlefield. Ammunition collectors delve into the minute details and has all kinds rituals and cleaning time is greatly involves. Some collectors seek to fill a collection with arms of a single maker, others of a single historic period, some concentrate on a specific caliber, or country of origin. Many just want to own guns that they like for various reasons. Many arms collectors enjoy shooting their guns, and many people interested in living history become arms collectors as an outgrowth of that hobby. While not purely collectors, they are potential future collectors, and their experiences can provide valuable information to collectors. Hunting as indicated is a fine reason to own a gun, or several guns. According to the FBI’s national crime statistics, 1.2 million violent crimes were committed in the United States in 2010. About the same as were committed in the US in 2009. These violent crimes include such crimes as murder, rape, robbery, and aggravated assault. All saw declines nationally between 2009 and 2010. The largest decrease was in the number of reported robberies, dropping by 9.7% during this year. US crime statistics also report that property crimes saw a drop between 2009 and 2010, dropping from 9.08 million to 8.9 million in 2010. Property crimes include larceny, burglary and motor vehicle thefts. The rate of larcenies decreased the most, dropping by 6.98% since 2009. http://www.delrayrecoverycenter.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/Amphetamine-300Ãâ€"268.jpg http://www.drug-addiction-support.org/images/cocaineSmall.jpg Many people wonder about the social effects of drug abuse. Drug abuse develops the social life of the addict, tearing apart his family, friendships and professional relationships, work which links with his or her occupation and mainly the behavior of the person. Without intervention, the drug addict can wind up alone, with the drug being his only â€Å"friend.† People who are addicted very often turn to crime as a means of paying for their addiction. This can involve stealing or fraud to obtain the funds necessary to bankroll their addiction. This can start with stealing from one’s partner, family or friends but can spread to include their employer or several organizations. Another aspect is that of the cost of maintaining a police force that have to deal with the after- effects of addiction. One such example and one that we hear a great deal about in the media is that of ‘binge drinking. People who have developed an addiction to alcohol very often engage in drunken, anti-social behavior, usually in town and city centers up and down the country. The police have the job of dealing with fights or semi-conscious people lying in the street which is due to the effects of excessive alcohol consumption. The majority of crime committed is http://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2012/9/14/1347635831075/Prescribed-drugs-008.jpg Usually drug-related. Burglary, robberies are all ways of funding an addiction and the more serious the addiction the greater the chance of these being accompanied by violence. There are people who are so desperate to have a ‘fix’ or are completely controlled by their addiction that will do anything to service this. If this means using violence then they will do so. In this case their needs have overtaken any thoughts of rational or civilized behavior. They are not thinking of anyone else but themselves as they are consumed by their addiction. The changes that I think are important to focus on, and the solutions for them to tackle from bottom up are not as simple as it could be imagined. Well, I think that fixing the economy to assure as many people as possible are employed and you have much of the problem of crime resolved. Also finding a way to eliminate drugs from society would help attain the social crime issue. Think about all the crimes that can be associated with addiction: Drug trafficking. Drug dealing. Drug use, Robbery, Assault, Battery,Burglary,Rape. Domestic violence, Illegal weapons possession, Illegal weapons sales. The list goes on and on. This topic is not one of the easiest to tackle but if we eliminated one of the main reasons the crime appears in our society, it would definitely become a much safer place for us citizens to live in. http://calgarycommunities.com/content/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/a5.jpg

Social Capital Creation and Sustainable Relationship among Stakeholder Dissertation

Social Capital Creation and Sustainable Relationship among Stakeholder in Construction Business in Thailand - Dissertation Example The other objective of this study is related to the creation of sustainable relationships in between the stakeholders of the organisations operating its business in the construction industrial sector of Thailand. Hence, the previous works related to the importance of such kind of stakeholder relationships in organisations can prove to be very much helpful in conducting the present research study. In addition to this, various kinds of business relationships that can be found in an organisation with special reference to cultural relationship traits found in Southeast Asian nations and Thailand will also be discussed here. This research study will try to build a model related to social capital possessed by companies operating in the construction industry of Thailand which can prove to be advantageous for the related companies in Thailand. Therefore, this literature review will give insights to some of the existing theories and models related to social capital. All these facts will help to attain the research objectives of this study utilizing the literature review as discussed in this section. 2.2 The Importance of Social Capital Many empirical studies have been conducted regarding the importance of social capital and have been mentioned in the existing literature by different authors. A wide range of socio-economic phenomenon related to the importance of social capital can be found in many of the existing literature presented by various authors (Durlauf, 2002, pp. 1-31; Krishna, 2001, pp 71-93). Research on social capital has resulted in various theoretical debates and different empirical investigations being conducted. This again has resulted in giving a stimulus towards reconsidering facts related to human relations, organisational forms for developmental performance and life quality, networks, etc. The importance of theory related to social capital is observable because of the application of the concept of social capital in various fields and its widespread in terest amongst different organisations and its stakeholders. The existing studies and literature gives way to ample evidences regarding the political, social and economic implications of social capital. However, according to Halpern et al. (2002), there are ambiguities or misspecifications related to the models or equations that have been utilized to measure the impacts of social capital. Thus, the social and economic outcomes that arise based on the empirical evidence related to the importance and significance of social capital need to be dealt with caution. Without having a rigorous method formulated for the purpose of measuring the importance of social culture, it is not clear as to how those benefits associated with social capital can be tested or ascertained (Halpern, 2001, pp. 236-251). However, it can be found as a surprising fact that the

Biomolecular techniques (bitter taste perception of Research Paper - 1

Biomolecular techniques (bitter taste perception of phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) - Research Paper Example The project was done to determine the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of students, and the results that were obtained were matched to those of European and Sub-Saharan cohorts. It was found allele combination of homozygous tasters, heterozygous tasters, and homozygous non-tasters were similar to those of the European cohort. This implied that the experiment was largely successful and accurate for the determination of phenotypes and genotypes of the PTC gene. The results can be used in making informed decisions with regard to dietary intake of foods rich in anti-oxidants, in planning of alternative nutrient rich meals for children that are sensitive tasters and finally it can be used by clinicians in the treatment plan of cancer or cardiovascular complications patients. Every individual is different from another, and this is attributed to their genetic make-up. The sense of taste also varies between different categories of people where, for example, some people can sense the taste of some chemicals while others are not able to. One such chemical is phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) or phenylthiourea an organic compound that tastes very bitter to some people while others are unable to taste it at all. Studies done in the past have indicated that polymorphisms in sensory receptor genes in humans can alter the perception in individuals through the coding for receptor types that are functionally distinct (Bufe et al., 2005). The ability of an individual to taste PTC depends primarily on their genetic makeup and is controlled by the PTC gene known as the TASR238 taste receptor gene, located on the chromosome 7 (7q34) and is about 1003 bp long. There are three coding SNPs that are non-synonymous within the taster TAS2R38 gene which are: rs713598–G145C, Ala49Pro; rs1726866–T785C, Val262Ala; rs10246939 – A886G, Ile296Val, and are responsible several haplotypes (Kim, et al 2005; Bufe , 2005). PTC sensitivity is a Mendelian

Individual Differences in Human Sexuality Research Paper - 1

Individual Differences in Human Sexuality - Research Paper Example In addition, some scholars argue that resource allocation under free market is skewed to select sector of the economy. Therefore, government must regulation that can help bridge the gap between the unequal distributions. For this purpose, regulation are important, and help make a better society. In addition, businesses need some regulation to ensure that their operation in done in a cohesive and fair manner. Therefore, government need to regulate unfair completion, as well as malpractices among traders. The debate always revolves for and against legislation in the business world. However, it is the case of how well a politician argue their cases because bot extreme are important when applied moderately. For this reason, it is advisable for the government to interviews in cases that can bring down the economy if left at the hand of business people and corporations (Jarvis, 2011). Government should be allowed to monitor the market and introduce regulations to check

Is Iran planning to build nuclear weapons See GI 2012, page 18, or GI Research Paper

Is Iran planning to build nuclear weapons See GI 2012, page 18, or GI 2013 page 203 - Research Paper Example This show, Iran does not aim at building the stockpile that would be dangerous and hazardous to the global peace and regional security. The original traces come forth in form of the U.S supported government that was in place in Iran in the 1950s after a coup that took place in 1953 (Dabashi, p 73)). Although at that point, the United States of America facilitated it based on the need for civilian purposes, yet with time the role and intentions towards building this stockpile grew suspiciously awkward. In the post 1979 Iranian scenario, Iran has had a mixed reaction towards the acquisition of nuclear arsenal. Considering the Islamic outlook of the government, the official policy maintained by the government stated that the actions and building of the nuclear arsenal is against the values and spirit of Islam, for it causes direct damage and destruction to humanity, it therefore was officially declared that Iran does not aim following the nuclear ambitions (Parsi, p. 144). However, time and again the indications have been such that Iran is pursuing the silent acquiring of the nuclear stock pile. This has been reported number of times in the intelligence reports that have been collected based on the evidences and other factors through the works of the intelligence agencies. The large number of nuclear power plants and some of them are underground and have not been declared publically, this fact castes aspersion over the Iran’s intentions and brings about suspicion with regard to its actual motives behind the overall nuclear conundrum created. In the presence of such large number of nuclear power plants, one of the most critical one controversial one that has raised eye brows is that of Bushehr 1 reactor which has been built in association with Russia(Cordesman and Seitz ¸p 219). It has been center of attention for the West and they suspect it is center to military

Total Quality Management at Work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Total Quality Management at Work - Essay Example On the way to achieving Business Excellence firms' attempt to attain competitive advantage (Porter 1980) and organizations adopt various techniques to realize efficiency and effectiveness. Industries struggle to gain this competitiveness through shorter production cycles, improved quality and by responding with speed and efficiency to meet customer requirements (Ahmed and Abdalla 2000a, 2000b). To reach excellence it is critical to develop internal quality consciousness and the ability to respond quickly as per schedules (Clausing 1994). Usually profits and returns are considered to be a measure of accomplishment, but, in its widest sense, quality is perceived as the vital element for both national and global success (Dale 1999, Feigenbaum 1999). A number of organizations also implement Total Quality Management (TQM) practices to guide them through to becoming competent and successful as TQM is a preventive approach and not a detective approach to work (Walton, 1986). According to Zairi and Youssef (1998) in the global context today competition cannot be met with cost efficiency alone. Quality plays an equally important role in assessing competitiveness. Quality is a function of TQM is but it is focused on quality improvement alone and in the broader sense does not cover the entire activities of the organization and therefore the Business Excellence has replaced both Quality and TQM as the final measure of performance that effects all stakeholders. (Dale, Zairi, Van der Weile and Williams 2000). Amaratunga and Baldry (2003) state that it is a process of ascertaining and assessing progress and achievement of pre-determined goals and includes information on the efficiency that has been shown in conversion of resources into goods and services. The quality of these outputs and outcomes has a great bearing on the organization's effectiveness and its objectives leading to Business Excellence. The real measure of Business Excellence or Performance according to Evans and Lindsay (1999) is found in five key categories; customer satisfaction; financial and market performance measure; human resource measure; supplier and partner performance; and company strategy measures. Each of these segments plays a vital role in determining the actual value of performance in the context of performance measurements. Benchmarking is essentially a cost reduction method (McDougall and Hinks 2000). Its exercise results in pre-determined and pre-arranged costs. Deviations are the measures that performance management seeks to locate and redress. Managers depend upon it for performance measurement in the TQM context (Camp 1989) and it is considered as the most powerful technique for gaining and maintaining competitive advantage (Codling 1992). Benchmarking has also been defined as the continuous, systematic process for evaluating the products, services and work processes of organisations for the purposes of organisations improvement (Sarkis 2001). Theories of TQM One of the earliest theorists on quality management, Edward Deming, is regarded as not only a pioneer of the quality movement but also a prolific thinker who has inspired and influenced other academicians and practitioners of quality management. According to Deming, quality is not just an external aspect of a product or service that can be measured or controlled. Instead, quality is inherent in the form of people's attitudes and knowledge

Administrative Theories of Management Essay Example for Free

Administrative Theories of Management Essay Henri Fayol a French industrialist has wrote a book title Administration Industrialle et Generalle in 1916 , according to his book theories about management he thought could be applied to the management of any organization with administrative responsibilities. Fayol identified five function which is still used today to all management activities , they were planning , organizing , commanding , coordinating and controlling . Fayol gives 14 principle of management : 1.Division of work According to Fayol , specialization increases output by making employees more efficient. Most of the employee may be able to deal with each item work that given to them if work is divided according to their skill and technical expertise . See more: My Writing Process Essay 2.Authority Fayol defined authority as the right to give orders and the power to exact obedience. That means , managers must be able to give order to the employees . Along with it , the responsibility will goes on. 3.Discipline Discipline is an essential for the smooth running of business which is without it an enterprise or organization is unable to prosper. An employees must obey and respect the rules that are state by the organization . 4.Unity of Command An employee should receive orders from one superior only . Fayol regarded having dual command is leading to uncertainty and hesitation on the part of subordinates and will make conflict between managers. 5.Unity of direction One head and one plan for a group having the same objective. that mean the organization should have a single plan of action to guide managers and workers . 6.Subordination of individual interest to the general interest There should be no conflict of interest between individual ambition and the well-being of the organization as a whole. This principle requires a firm but fair hand from superiors who should set a good example. 7.Remuneration Workers must be paid a fair wage for their services . Fayol looked for some basic principles in the method of payment such is it shall assure fair remuneration , encourage keenness by rewarding well-directed effort and not lead to over-payment going beyond reasonable limits. 8.Centralization Fayol considered that an element of centralization must always be present which is each subordinate are involved in decision making. 9.Scalar Chain It is also known as line of authority . The unity of command can lead to excessively chains of authority which hinder communication. Hierarchic organizations regularly insisted that departments communicated with each other only through their heads. 10.Order For Fayol, people and materials should be in the right place at the right time . This presupposed the resolution of the two most difficult managerial activities: good organization and good selection. He saw the basic problem as the balancing of an organizations requirements with its resources. 11.Equity Managers should be kind and fair to their subordinate and treated them equally in order to obtain commitment from them . 12.Stability of tenure of personnel A management should provide orderly personnel planning and ensure that replacements are available to fill vacancies because employees need a period of stability in a job to deliver of their best. 13.Initiative Fayol cautions managers against the personal vanity which prevents their employees from allowing to think through a problem and implement a solution rewarding experience which increases motivation and high levels of effort. This meant , employees are allowed to originate and carry out their plans for the organization. 14.Esprit de corps. Dividing enemy forces to weaken them is clever, but dividing ones own team is a grave sin against the business. It is saying about promoting team spirit will build harmony and unity within the organization.